{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T14:16:05Z","timestamp":1764080165869,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The internal carotid artery (ICA) has multiple classification systems; it is essential for brain blood supply, which has bone\/neurovascular relationships of wide neurosurgical interest; its anatomy must be known in detail, its angiographic-imaging aspect (endovascular), its ventral aspect (endoscopic endonasal approaches); and its lateral aspect (anterolateral skull base surgery). Our objectives were to identify coincidences\/differences between the main classifications of the ICA to improve its surgical-anatomical understanding, unify the terminology of ICA segments, avoid confusion, and carry out a simple description.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There are differences between classifications; however, these may overlap each other and determine the correspondence between segments, regardless of their purpose. Literature on ICA classifications was reviewed; a cadaver endonasal endoscopic and anterolateral skull base dissection was performed, obtaining representative images of the ICA, as well as angiography. The main terminology of ICA segments was collected, and artistic-anatomical illustrations were created to facilitate the study of ICA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We compared the endoscopic roadmap to the ICA by Labib\/Kassam, the extradural ICA at its lateral aspect by Cherian, and the classic classification by Bouthillier (as well as a small reference to the classification by Gibo\/Rhoton). We found the shared characteristics and differences between classifications, with a total of 17 interrelated segments, with a variety of nomenclature and anatomical extension. Initially, we except the extradural ICA by Cherian because it uses almost the same nomenclature that Labib, varying in one segment, which coincides with the nomenclature of Bouthillier and does not change the total summary. The initial and terminal segments were nominative\/anatomically equivalent, and there is anatomical nominal variation in the intermediate segments and its relation\/correspondence has been easily demonstrated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Anatomical knowledge of all aspects of ICA using its main classifications, the relation between them, and its diversity of nomenclature is essential to improve its anatomical-surgical understanding and avoid anatomical nominal confusion. It can be achieved through our comparative tables\/illustrations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_27_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T11:01:41Z","timestamp":1747393301000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The trinity of the internal carotid artery: Unifying terminologies of the main classifications to improve its surgical understanding"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Carlos Salvador","family":"Ovalle Torres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital General 450, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Victoria de Durango City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gervith","family":"Reyes Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, National Institute of Cancerology, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Campero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla, Tucuman, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Castillo Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, 1th of October Hospital, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, La Salle University, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iype","family":"Cherian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurosciences, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth and Aesculap Academy, Cadaver Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Karad, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximiliano","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Service, Hospital \u201cEl Cruce\u201d de Florencio Carela, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Arnulfo","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, National Autonomous University of M\u00e9xico, Durango, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Nikolenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Branch of the Human Anatomy and Histology, Institute of Clinical Medicine N.V. Sklifosovsky FSAEI HE I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Espinosa Mora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital MAC Aguascalientes Norte, Aguascalientes, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Adonai","family":"Garc\u00eda Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital General 450, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Victoria de Durango City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal Neri","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Service of Radioneurosurgery, Occidental National Medical Centre, Guadalajara, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreina","family":"Rosario Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danil","family":"Nurmukhametov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Sechenov Pre-University, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel De Jesus","family":"Encarnacion Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovskiy, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Dorantes Argandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, La Salle University, Mexico City, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Centre of Surgical Specialties, Hospital Angeles Pedregal, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_27_2025\/ref-1","first-page":"993","article-title":"Transitional cavernous aneurysms of the internal carotid artery","volume":"33","author":"Al-Rodhan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_27_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1568870","article-title":"Paraclival or cavernous internal carotid artery: One segment but two names","volume":"77","author":"Alikhani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_27_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-023-03102-1","article-title":"Proposed new classification for internal carotid artery segmental agenesis based on embryologic and angiographic correlation","volume":"45","author":"Bonasia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_27_2025\/ref-4","first-page":"425","article-title":"Segments of the internal carotid artery: A new classification","volume":"38","author":"Bouthillier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_27_2025\/ref-5","article-title":"Anatomy, Head and Neck: Internal Carotid Arteries","volume-title":"[Updated 2023 Jul 24]. 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