{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T14:19:00Z","timestamp":1789654740250,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eagle syndrome (ES) is a rare symptomatic condition generally caused by an elongated styloid process (SP) or calcification of the stylohyoid complex. On the diagnosis is made, its treatment remains subjective since the indications for surgical intervention are still not standardized. Although styloidectomy is the surgical treatment of choice, no consensus exists regarding the transcervical or\/and transoral route. Here, we report our experience in a patient with bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection caused by ES, who underwent innovative surgical technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Case Description:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 53-year-old man, with the right-sided middle cerebral artery acute stroke, underwent computed tomography angiography 3 days after a successful endovascular treatment. The study showed a bilateral ICA dissection with bilateral hypertrophic SPs and a close relationship of ICAs with both SPs anteriorly and C1 transverse process posteriorly. Considering the occurrence of ICA compression by a styloid\/C1 transverse process juxtaposition, the patient underwent the left partial C1 transversectomy by an extraoral approach. A temporary paresis of the ipsilateral lower lip lasted 1 month, with a partial remission after 3 months. The patient reported significant improvement of symptoms with a good esthetics and functional outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A styloid\/C1 transverse process juxtaposition should be considered as an alternative pathogenetic mechanism in vascular ES. When a posterior ICA compression by C1 transverse process is present, a bone reshaping of C1 rather than a conventional styloidectomy can be considered an efficacious treatment which allows a good preservation of the styloid muscles and ligaments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_317_2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]],"date-time":"2019-09-10T10:10:16Z","timestamp":1568110216000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An unusual internal carotid artery compression as a possible cause of Eagle syndrome \u2013 A novel hypothesis and an innovative surgical technique"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Karol","family":"Galletta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Alafaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco S.","family":"De Ponte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Squillaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"De Caro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Benedetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Musolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Grasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Nastro","family":"Siniscalchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University Hospital of Messina, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.03.021","article-title":"Transoral endoscopic-assisted styloidectomy: How should eagle syndrome be managed surgically?","volume":"44","author":"Al Weteid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Eagle syndrome: Classic and carotid artery types","volume":"29","author":"Bafaqeeh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.01.109","article-title":"New eagle\u2019s syndrome variant complicating management of intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury","volume":"41","author":"Callahan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inj 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Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.05.003","article-title":"Surgical management of patients with eagle syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Hardin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E153","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24024","article-title":"Styloid\/ C1 transverse process juxtaposition as a cause of eagle\u2019s syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4103\/ams.ams_53_17","article-title":"Surgical management of long-standing eagle\u2019s syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Jalisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_317_2019\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.7326\/L17-0507","article-title":"Expansion of the 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