{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:56:27Z","timestamp":1787025387795,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Stroke risk has been attributed to many pathological and behavioral conditions. Various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been recognized and found consistent throughout epidemiological studies. Herein, we investigate the effect of comorbidities seen with patient\u2019s suffering from ischemic stroke and its effect on in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified patients >18 year old in the National Inpatient Sample database with diseases of interest utilizing the tenth International Classification of Disease 10 diagnostic codes from the years 2016 to 2018. Interval data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.\n Post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n analysis was performed using Bonferroni correction methods. To determine independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, odds ratios were calculated using binary logistic regression for each comorbidity. Descriptive and numerical statistics, imputation, and logistic regression were calculated using SPSS software version 25.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke were found to have the following comorbidities: atrial fibrillation (7.5%), carotid artery stenosis (1.1%), diabetes mellitus type 2 (11.4%), congestive heart failure (CHF) (7.5%), essential hypertension (21.2%), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (2.3%). In-hospital mortality rates were higher in patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke and concomitant IHD (28.2%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Hospital length of stay was longest in patients with concomitant CHF (5.96 days,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Similarly, patients with CHF accrued the greatest in-hospital costs (69,174 USD,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Patients hospitalized from ischemic stroke suffered from the coexistence of other comorbidities. Of the comorbidities studied, IHD was identified as having the most significant impact on in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_415_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T09:29:44Z","timestamp":1623058184000},"page":"268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of comorbidities on ischemic stroke mortality: An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"De Stefano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, United States,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, Missouri, United States,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Covarrubias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad An\u00e1hauc Quer\u00e9taro, Santiago de Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Fiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, United States,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Musch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.09.012","article-title":"Current advances in ischemic stroke research and therapies","volume":"1866","author":"Barthels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-2","first-page":"3238165","article-title":"Stroke in the 21st century: A snapshot of the burden, epidemiology, and quality of life","volume":"2018","author":"Donkor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-3","article-title":"NIS Hospital Ownership Files","author":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP)","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004597","article-title":"Management of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"48","author":"Herpich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000503900","article-title":"Multiple chronic conditions and functional outcome after ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673352","article-title":"Clinical research using the national inpatient sample: A brief review of colorectal studies utilizing the NIS database","volume":"32","author":"Kelley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Colon Rectal Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-2916-1","article-title":"Evaluation of hospital outcomes: The relation between length-of-stay, readmission, and mortality in a large international administrative database","volume":"18","author":"Lingsma","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: Final data for 2018","volume":"69","author":"Murphy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310791658785","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of cerebral ischemia and ischemic heart diseases: Similarities and differences","volume":"6","author":"Soler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000757","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update: A report from the American heart association","volume":"141","author":"Virani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_415_2021\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2016.3.20150731","article-title":"Risk factors and subtypes of acute ischemic stroke. A study at King Fahd Hospital of the University","volume":"21","author":"Zafar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/effect-of-comorbidities-on-ischemic-stroke-mortality-an-analysis-of-the-national-inpatient-sample-nis-database\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/effect-of-comorbidities-on-ischemic-stroke-mortality-an-analysis-of-the-national-inpatient-sample-nis-database\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T09:29:58Z","timestamp":1623058198000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/effect-of-comorbidities-on-ischemic-stroke-mortality-an-analysis-of-the-national-inpatient-sample-nis-database\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_415_2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_415_2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"article-number":"268"}}