{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T07:07:18Z","timestamp":1779433638969,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dura mater has historically been regarded as a rigid meningeal barrier; however, accumulating evidence indicates that it is a biologically active structure with important developmental and clinical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review synthesizes the literature on the dura mater, including its historical terminology, basic architecture, embryologic development, dural septae, vascularization, and innervation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structurally, the dura mater consists of the endosteal, meningeal, and dural border cell (DBC) layers, whose distinct properties underlie both normal physiology and pathological processes. In particular, the fragility of the DBC layer helps explain the pathogenesis of chronic subdural hematoma, in which repeated bleeding and inflammation generate fibrous membranes within this potential cleavage plane. Embryologic studies demonstrate that dural reflections, including the falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae, arise from the primitive meninx in close relation to brain morphogenesis and venous sinus development. The dural vascular network also serves as a scaffold for angiogenesis in ischemic states and plays a central role in the development of dural arteriovenous shunts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recognizing the dura mater as a dynamic participant in cranial development, vascular biology, and disease mechanisms refines our anatomical understanding and has important implications for neurosurgical and neuroendovascular practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_472_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:29:53Z","timestamp":1779431393000},"page":"306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anatomical and developmental insights into the dura mater: Implications for neurosurgery and endovascular therapy"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Konosuke","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Mizutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29738","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.29738","article-title":"Human and nonhuman primate meninges harbor lymphatic vessels that can be visualized noninvasively by MRI","volume":"6","author":"Absinta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1744-6","article-title":"The cranial Dura mater: A review of its history, embryology, and anatomy","volume":"28","author":"Adeeb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1419-5","article-title":"Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"572","author":"Ahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290","article-title":"A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules","volume":"212","author":"Aspelund","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2022.152004","article-title":"Clinical analysis of cavernous sinus anatomy, pathologies, diagnostics, surgical management and complications-Comprehensive review","volume":"245","author":"Balcerzak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.2.0093","article-title":"Anatomical variations in the pituitary gland and adjacent structures in 225 human autopsy cases","volume":"28","author":"Bergland","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-7","article-title":"Entwicklungsgeschichte Des Kaninchen-Eies","author":"Bischoff","year":"1842"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2014.05.013","article-title":"Recanalization rates after acute deep vein thrombosis: A single-center experience using a newly proposed vein diameter variation index","volume":"28","author":"Brand\u00e3o","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00957474","article-title":"Die morphologie der sella turcica und ihre beziehungen zur hypophyse. The morphology of the sella turcica and its relationship to the pituitary gland","volume":"320","author":"Busch","year":"1951","journal-title":"Arch path Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.52.5.0667","article-title":"Anatomical observations of the development of the pituitary capsule","volume":"52","author":"Chi","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23288","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.23288","article-title":"Developmental biology of the meninges","volume":"57","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1727-7","article-title":"Developmental changes in human Dural innervation","volume":"28","author":"Davidson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900566","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.900566","article-title":"Intrathecal drug delivery: Advances and applications in the management of chronic pain patient","volume":"3","author":"De Andres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.009","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of the developing meninges reveal meningeal fibroblast diversity and function","volume":"54","author":"DeSisto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1220-1","article-title":"The subdiaphragmatic cistern: Historic and radioanatomic findings","volume":"154","author":"Di Ieva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-16","first-page":"H157","article-title":"Vascular responses of Dura mater","volume":"257","author":"Faraci","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01794946","article-title":"Relationship between the development of diaphragma sellae and the morphology of the sella turcica and its content","volume":"14","author":"Ferreri","year":"1992","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07202-9","article-title":"Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity","volume":"628","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrc.20104","article-title":"Cellular dynamics and tissue interactions of the Dura mater during head development","volume":"81","author":"Gagan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001000307","article-title":"The venous drainage of the human hypophysis cerebri","volume":"100","author":"Green","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2010.47.3.169","article-title":"Characterization of the anatomic location of the pituitary stalk and its relationship to the dorsum sellae, tuberculum sellae and chiasmatic cistern","volume":"47","author":"Gulsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3292-z","article-title":"The missing falx: A potential surgical pitfall during interhemispheric transcallosal approach","volume":"159","author":"Gupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092300103","article-title":"On the question of a subdural space","volume":"230","author":"Haines","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001310102","article-title":"The fine structure of the peripheral nerve root sheath in the subarachnoid space in the rat and other laboratory animals","volume":"131","author":"Haller","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199301000-00017","article-title":"\u201csubdural\u201d space: A new look at an outdated concept","volume":"2","author":"Haines","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.40.140","article-title":"Development of the cavernous sinus in the fetal period: A morphological study","volume":"40","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-27","first-page":"907","article-title":"Histology of the human Dura mater: A review article","volume":"54","author":"Hemdan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt J Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01158-6","article-title":"Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-29","first-page":"761","article-title":"Bifrontopolar subdural hematoma and absence of the falx cerebri","volume":"93","author":"Hudson","year":"1965","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-30","article-title":"Pediatric Neuroimaging","author":"James Barkovich","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/FOC.2008.25.12.E2","article-title":"Dural relationships of Meckel cave and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus","volume":"25","author":"Janjua","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0487","article-title":"Tissue origins and interactions in the mammalian skull vault","volume":"241","author":"Jiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.1998.11740568","article-title":"Anatomy and embryology of the lateral sellar compartment (cavernous sinus) medial wall","volume":"20","author":"Kehrli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00335317","article-title":"The macro and microvasculature of the Dura mater","volume":"6","author":"Kerber","year":"1973","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1159\/000111256","article-title":"Anatomy of cerebral veins and sinuses","volume":"23","author":"Kili\u00e7","year":"2008","journal-title":"Front Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.11.9.800","article-title":"Innervation of spinal Dura mater and Dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa","volume":"11","author":"Kimmel","year":"1961","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.30802\/AALAS-CM-19-000022","article-title":"Histologic comparison of the Dura mater among species","volume":"70","author":"Kinaci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6982-7_7","article-title":"Anatomical remarks on the fetal cavernous sinus and on the veins of the middle cranial fossa","volume-title":"The Cavernous Sinus","author":"Knosp","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318285ba68","article-title":"Total agenesis of superior sagittal sinus and falx cerebri in a patient who has a subacute subdural hematoma crossing midline: Case report","volume":"72","author":"Kocak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-40","article-title":"Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschen und der h\u00f6heren Tiere","author":"K\u00f6lliker","year":"1876"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.04.003","article-title":"Incidentally detected total agenesis of the falx cerebri: Potential significance of this rare finding","volume":"6","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol Open"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12659","article-title":"Visualization of the tentorial innervation of human Dura mater","volume":"231","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432","article-title":"Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels","volume":"523","author":"Louveau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/159101991001600107","article-title":"The incidence of trigeminocardiac reflex in endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistula with onyx","volume":"16","author":"Lv","year":"2010","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-008-1084-6","article-title":"Anatomy and development of the meninges: Implications for subdural collections and CSF circulation","volume":"39","author":"Mack","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000040102","article-title":"On the development of the blood-vessels of the brain in the human embryo","volume":"4","author":"Mall","year":"1905","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02204753","article-title":"\u00dcber die entwicklung der falx cerebri und des tentorium cerebelli des menschen mit ber\u00fccksichtigung ihrer ven\u00f6sen sinus","volume":"94","author":"Markowski","year":"1931","journal-title":"Z Anat Entwicklungsgesch"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-48","article-title":"Vasorum Lymphaticorum Corporis Humani Historia et Iconographia","volume-title":"Verona: Senis: Ex Typographia Pazzini Carli","author":"Mascagni","year":"1787"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1970.32.5.0565","article-title":"Consequences of a deficient sellar diaphragm","volume":"32","author":"Mortara","year":"1970","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901640202","article-title":"Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia","volume":"164","author":"Nabeshima","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44278","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44278","article-title":"Anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate","volume":"8","author":"Norwood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198609000-00008","article-title":"The meninges in human development","volume":"45","author":"O\u2019Rahilly","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109670","article-title":"Characteristics of pial brain arteriovenous malformations with transdural arterial supply","volume":"139","author":"Ozaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-200305000-00016","article-title":"Roles of periosteum, Dura, and adjacent bone on healing of cranial osteonecrosis","volume":"14","author":"Ozerdem","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-55","first-page":"79","article-title":"The development of the cranial venous system in man: From the viewpoint of comparative anatomy","volume":"36","author":"Padget","year":"1957","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.4.0585","article-title":"Extradural neural axis compartment","volume":"92","author":"Parkinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-57","first-page":"161","article-title":"New perspectives in the microscopic structure of human Dura mater in the dorsolumbar region","volume":"22","author":"Reina","year":"1997","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-58","first-page":"344","article-title":"Thickness variation of the Dural sac","volume":"46","author":"Reina","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-59","article-title":"Atlas of Functional Anatomy for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine: Human Structure, Ultrastructure and 3D Reconstruction Images","author":"Reina","year":"2016","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-217-3_2","article-title":"Anatomy of the pituitary gland and Sellar region","volume-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Pituitary Tumors","author":"Rhoton","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-61","first-page":"375","article-title":"OC57: The cisterna magna septa-a vestigial remnant of the roof of the rhombencephalic vesicle","volume":"28","author":"Robinson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-62","first-page":"145","article-title":"The early development of the meninges of the spinal cord in human embryos","volume":"34","author":"Sensenig","year":"1951","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-4-391","article-title":"A new predisposing factor for trigemino-cardiac reflex during subdural empyema drainage: A case report","volume":"4","author":"Spiriev","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-64","article-title":"Snell\u2019s Clinical Neuroanatomy","author":"Splittgerber","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-65","article-title":"Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice","author":"Standring","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5881","article-title":"Transdural blood supply in cerebral arteriovenous malformations: A systematic evaluation of angioarchitecture","volume":"39","author":"Stein","year":"2018","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.9.PEDS16161","article-title":"Preoperative transdural collateral vessels in moyamoya as radiographic biomarkers of disease","volume":"19","author":"Storey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000180202","article-title":"The development of the venous sinuses of the Dura mater in the human embryo","volume":"18","author":"Streeter","year":"1915","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3883","article-title":"Cerebrovascular collaterals correlate with disease severity in adult North American patients with Moyamoya disease","volume":"35","author":"Strother","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10013","article-title":"Absence of the falx cerebelli in a Chiari II malformation","volume":"15","author":"Tubbs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-71","first-page":"417","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the human spinal arachnoid mater and Dura mater","volume":"189","author":"Vandenabeele","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00426-3","article-title":"Immunohistochemical visualization of lymphatic vessels in human Dura mater: Methodological perspectives","volume":"20","author":"Vera Quesada","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS671009","article-title":"Hypoplasia of the tentorium cerebelli: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"67","author":"Wahl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2023.10.001","article-title":"Disturbed meningeal lymphatic function associated with malignancy and progression in patients with intracranial malignant tumors","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-75","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development of the cerebro-spinal spaces in pig and man","volume":"5","author":"Weed","year":"1917","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26842","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic functions in patients with chronic migraine","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000126953.59406.77","article-title":"The medial wall of the cavernous sinus: Microsurgical anatomy","volume":"55","author":"Yasuda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06899-4","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage","volume":"625","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_472_2026\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nn881","article-title":"Role of the chemokine SDF-1 as the meningeal attractant for embryonic cerebellar neurons","volume":"5","author":"Zhu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/anatomical-and-developmental-insights-into-the-dura-mater-implications-for-neurosurgery-and-endovascular-therapy\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/anatomical-and-developmental-insights-into-the-dura-mater-implications-for-neurosurgery-and-endovascular-therapy\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T06:30:07Z","timestamp":1779431407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/anatomical-and-developmental-insights-into-the-dura-mater-implications-for-neurosurgery-and-endovascular-therapy\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_472_2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_472_2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]]},"article-number":"306"}}