{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T23:43:12Z","timestamp":1748302992042},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised global attention especially due to the severe acute respiratory symptoms associated to it. However, almost one third of patients also develop neurological symptoms. The aim of the present study is to describe the case of a previously health adult that evolved cerebral ventricular empyema in the IV ventricle during COVID-19 infection treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Case Description: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 49-year-old man with COVID-19 developed pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>. After treating adequate treatment, sedation was switched off without showing appropriate awakening. Brain CT was performed with evidence of communicating hydrocephalus. External ventricular shunt (EVD) was implant with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid suggestive of meningitis with a positive culture for oxacillin-sensitive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus hominis<\/jats:italic>. Twenty days after EVD, meningitis treatment was finished and with 2 negative cultures, conversion to ventriculoperitoneal shunt was performed. In the following week, during the evaluation of the patient in intensive care, quadriplegia and absence of spontaneous respiratory movement were evidenced, just maintaining head movement. Brain MRI was performed with a diagnosis of ventriculitis associated with pus collections on the IV ventricle. The patient underwent microsurgical drainage removal of the shunt, with a positive intraventricular collection culture for <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> carbapenemase and multidrug-resistant <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, without improvement in the neurological condition. After 14 weeks of hospitalization, the patient died.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>It is well known that COVID-19 has potential to directly attack and cause severe damage to the central nervous system; however, ventricular empyema is an extremely rare life-threatening complication.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_514_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T11:04:45Z","timestamp":1626087885000},"page":"346","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ventricular empyema associated with severe pyogenic meningitis in COVID-19 adult patient: Case report"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lucas Crociati","family":"Meguins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre Salotto","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus Rodrigo","family":"Laurenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dionei Freitas","family":"de Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26157","article-title":"Extrapulmonary and atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19","volume":"92","author":"Abobaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2020.05.017","article-title":"Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review","volume":"77","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","article-title":"Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: Tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Baig","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13372","article-title":"Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"26","author":"Baig","year":"2020","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2020.05.013","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: Radiologic and clinical overview","volume":"66","author":"Behzad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00840-5","article-title":"COVID-19 and the nervous system","volume":"26","author":"Berger","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5471","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and the pathophysiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"251","author":"Bourgonje","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2439","article-title":"COVID-19 clinical diagnostics and testing technology","volume":"40","author":"Chau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2016.12.3.262","article-title":"Intraoperative monitoring and mapping of the functional integrity of the brainstem","volume":"12","author":"Deletis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03874-z","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19","volume":"39","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0968-3","article-title":"Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.34172\/aim.2020.09","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.028","article-title":"Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system","volume":"183","author":"Iadecola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7821","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47987","article-title":"COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04486-3","article-title":"The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A review article","volume":"41","author":"Niazkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L301","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00259.2020","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and COVID-19: Patients, comorbidities, and therapies","volume":"320","author":"Pathangey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173375","article-title":"Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19","volume":"883","author":"Samudrala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0986","article-title":"Extrapulmonary clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients","volume":"103","author":"Sarkesh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10211-z","article-title":"Spinal epidural abscess in COVID-19 patients","volume":"268","author":"Talamonti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-20","first-page":"4548","article-title":"Current practice and potential strategy in diagnosing COVID-19","volume":"24","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13266","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review and current update","volume":"142","author":"Whittaker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.03.031","article-title":"Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses","volume":"87","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_514_2021\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0767-8","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A clinical update","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/ventricular-empyema-associated-with-severe-pyogenic-meningitis-in-covid-19-adult-patient-case-report\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/ventricular-empyema-associated-with-severe-pyogenic-meningitis-in-covid-19-adult-patient-case-report\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]],"date-time":"2021-07-12T11:05:05Z","timestamp":1626087905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/ventricular-empyema-associated-with-severe-pyogenic-meningitis-in-covid-19-adult-patient-case-report\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_514_2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_514_2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,12]]},"article-number":"346"}}