{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:57:06Z","timestamp":1787025426266,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to identify easily available prognostic factors in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients undergoing craniotomy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics (age, sex, Glasgow coma scale score, cause of TBI, and oral antithrombotic drug use), laboratory parameters (hemoglobin, sodium, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time-international normalized ratio, and glucose-potassium [GP] ratio), and neuroradiological findings of 132 patients who underwent craniotomy for severe TBI in our hospital between January 2015 and December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: Those with fatal clinical outcomes and those with non-fatal clinical outcomes, and compared between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The patients comprised 79 (59.8%) male and 53 (40.2%) female patients. Their mean age was 67 \u00b1 17 years (range, 16\u201394 years). Computed tomography revealed acute subdural hematoma in 108 (81.8%) patients, acute epidural hematoma in 31 (23.5%), traumatic brain contusion in 39 (29.5%), and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in 62 (47.0%). All 132 patients underwent craniotomy, and 41 eventually died. There were significant differences in the D-dimer, GP ratio, and optic nerve sheath diameter between the groups (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed elevated GP ratio and D-dimer were associated with the death group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01, respectively). A GP ratio of >42 was the optimal cutoff value for the prediction of a fatal outcome of TBI (sensitivity, 85.4%; specificity, 51.1%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The GP ratio and D-dimer were significantly associated with poor outcomes of TBI. A GP ratio of >42 could be a predictor of a fatal outcome of TBI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_544_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T04:57:26Z","timestamp":1701406646000},"page":"410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Study of certain easily available biochemical markers in prognostication in severe traumatic brain injury requiring surgery"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Ooigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuki","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Tabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaima","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Ooya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kurita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Yamane, Hidaka, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_544_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1373\/49.5.836","article-title":"Reference values for serum S-100B protein depend on the race of individuals","volume":"49","author":"Abdesselam","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_544_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106680","article-title":"The prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase in traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_544_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2001.103003175.x","article-title":"S-100B and neuron-specific enolase in serum of mild traumatic brain injury patients. 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