{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:14:08Z","timestamp":1783674848258,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may initiate long-term neurodegenerative processes that complicate postinjury recovery. Both severe and repetitive mild TBI are associated with dysregulated amyloid precursor protein processing and intracranial deposition of amyloid-beta (A\u03b2), a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. The objective of the study is to summarize current evidence linking TBI with posttraumatic neurodegeneration, cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and genetically mediated susceptibility factors influencing recovery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A narrative review of relevant literature was performed with a focus on mechanisms of posttraumatic vascular amyloid deposition and the role of genetic predisposition.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n TBI triggers secondary injury mechanisms, including persistent neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, which promote sustained intracerebral A\u03b2 deposition and impaired clearance, which is closely associated with CAA and increased risk of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Iatrogenic CAA represents a distinct A\u03b2-related entity with prolonged incubation and heterogeneous clinical presentation. It seems that genetic susceptibility, particularly apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE\u03b54), is associated with increased amyloid burden, more severe cerebral contusions, and poorer long-term functional outcomes following TBI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n TBI may accelerate neurodegenerative and amyloid-related vascular processes that adversely affect recovery. Genetic predisposition, especially APOE\u03b54, appears to modulate posttraumatic intracranial amyloid deposition and long-term outcomes, highlighting the importance of individualized risk assessment in patients with TBI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_5_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:22:29Z","timestamp":1783671749000},"page":"394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic factors complicating recovery in patients with brain injury: Possible link between injury severity and posttraumatic neurodegeneration related to intracerebral amyloid deposition \u2013 A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Splavski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Dubrovnik General Hospital, Dubrovnik, 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