{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:35:53Z","timestamp":1762522553457},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of anterior cerebral circulation. Moyamoya is not an uncommon disease in Saudi Arabia. Although a less common symptom of the disease, the incidence of seizure in MMD ranges from 6 to 30%. Indirect revascularization through Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis technique is one of the surgical treatment options for MMD. In our cohort, we aim to evaluate seizure outcome in pediatric patients with moyamoya.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eleven patients with seizure as primary presentation for MMD over a period of 10 years were included in the study. All patients underwent EDAS surgery. All patients underwent pre- and postoperative assessment of multiple factors contributing to seizure outcome. Patients were evaluated for surgery control clinically and radiologically.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>About 73% of MMD patients with seizures improved after EDAS surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0005). Six patients out of 11 became seizure free. Patients with bilateral involvement of disease undergoing bilateral surgery had better seizure control than those undergoing unilateral surgery (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.07).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with controlled seizure before surgery are more likely to be seizure free after intervention. Seizure outcome is favorable after indirect surgical revascularization in pediatric moyamoya patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_633_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T08:07:26Z","timestamp":1614067646000},"page":"73","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Seizure outcome in moyamoya after indirect revascularization in pediatric patients: Retrospective study and literature review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alramadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Ul Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Basindwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam","family":"Alshail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869509093967","article-title":"Moyamoya vasculopathy after cranial irradiation-a case report","volume":"34","author":"Al-Amro","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Oncol (Stockholm Sweden)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2015.2.9978","article-title":"Fanconi anemia associated with moyamoya disease in Saudi Arabia","volume":"36","author":"Al-Hawsawi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00133-6","article-title":"Moyamoya syndrome with unusual angiographic findings and protein C deficiency: Review of the literature","volume":"159","author":"Andeejani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-2666-x","article-title":"Differential clinical outcomes following encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in pediatric moyamoya disease presenting with epilepsy or ischemia","volume":"31","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1191\/096120300678828686","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with moyamoya syndrome","volume":"9","author":"El Ramahi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01421.x","article-title":"Childhood stroke in Eastern Province, KSA: Pattern, risk factors, diagnosis and outcome","volume":"98","author":"Emam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(97)00082-6","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (\u2018moyamoya\u2019 disease).Research committee on spontaneous occlusion of the circle of willis (moyamoya disease) of the ministry of health and welfare Japan","volume":"99","author":"Fukui","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-8","first-page":"39","article-title":"Moyamoya disease presenting with ischemic stroke in association with diabetic ketoacidosis","volume":"11","author":"Habib","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_633_2020\/ref-9","first-page":"265","article-title":"Absence epilepsy associated with moyamoya disease. 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