{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:59:18Z","timestamp":1785488358609,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Glial and glioneuronal tumors in the occipital lobe are uncommon lesions that have unique clinical and surgical considerations because of their connection to the visual cortex, optic radiations, and posterior associative networks. Information on these tumors is scattered across case reports, small series, and limited retrospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting primary occipital lobe tumors such as glial, ependymal, or glioneuronal types. Eligible tumors included diffuse gliomas, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, astroblastoma, ependymoma, ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor, papillary glioneuronal tumor, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)\/SEGA-like tumors. Data were summarized descriptively, using crude proportions. The denominators varied based on the outcome and included only patients with available data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 25 studies, including 334 patients, were analyzed. Men represented 169 out of 287 cases (58.9%). The most common symptom was visual disturbance, seen in 23 of 36 patients (63.9%), followed by seizures in 13 of 28 (46.4%), headaches in 7 of 20 (35.0%), and focal neurological deficits in 6 of 27 (22.2%). Tumors on the right side were slightly more prevalent than those on the left (154\/288, 53.5% vs. 132\/288, 45.8%). High-grade tumors, primarily glioblastoma\/grade 4 diffuse glioma, made up 96.1% of cases (320\/333), mainly driven by the World Health Organization grade 3\u20134 lesions. Surgery was performed on 301 patients (90.4%), with gross-total resection in 165 (49.5%), subtotal or partial resection in 125 (37.5%), and biopsy only in 4 (1.2%). Recurrence or progression was observed in 6 of 25 patients (24.0%), and among 81 patients with available survival data, 50 (61.7%) died.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Occipital lobe glial and glioneuronal tumors are rare and diverse, with most literature focusing on high-grade astrocytic tumors. Visual symptoms are the primary clinical feature. Surgical treatment should be tailored to balance oncological control with the risk of visual impairment. Consistent reporting on occipital sublocation, molecular diagnosis, visual results, resection extent, recurrence, and survival is essential for better future evidence synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_671_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:22:33Z","timestamp":1785486153000},"page":"439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Occipital lobe glial and glioneuronal tumors: A systematic review of clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ali K.","family":"Al-Shalchy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nooruldeen H.","family":"Al-Khafaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania H.","family":"Al-Taie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-1","first-page":"391","article-title":"Acute macroglossia post craniotomy in sitting position: A case report and proposed management guideline","volume":"13","author":"Ababneh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Med Case Rep J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.09.018","article-title":"Giant cell ependymoma: A case report","volume":"110","author":"Adamek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-017-3714-5","article-title":"The use of 5-aminolevulinic acid to assist gross total resection of pediatric astroblastoma","volume":"34","author":"Agawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a002378","DOI":"10.1101\/mcs.a002378","article-title":"FGFR1 tyrosine kinase domain duplication in pilocytic astrocytoma with anaplasia","volume":"4","author":"Ballester","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249206.58601.DE","article-title":"Intraoperative subcortical language tract mapping guides surgical removal of gliomas involving speech areas","volume":"60","author":"Bello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-6","first-page":"303","article-title":"Glioblastoma with unusual features: Presentation with intracerebral hematoma, diagnosis with CT perfusion and subsequent cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with resultant new hemorrhage","volume":"45","author":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Pract Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.1.JNS121537","article-title":"Subependymal spread of recurrent glioblastoma detected with the intraoperative use of 5-aminolevulinic acid: Case report","volume":"118","author":"Cage","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2025.100523","article-title":"Pulmonary metastasis from glioblastoma: An uncommon clinical entity","volume":"8","author":"Conejero Merch\u00e1n","year":"2026","journal-title":"Open Respir Arch"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.06.181","article-title":"A technique for resecting occipital pole gliomas using a keyhole lobectomy","volume":"106","author":"Conner","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.04.018","article-title":"Occipital ganglioglioma in an older adult","volume":"17","author":"Deipolyi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-9109-6","article-title":"New concepts in surgery of WHO grade II gliomas: Functional brain mapping, connectionism and plasticity--a review","volume":"79","author":"Duffau","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.6.JNS111981","article-title":"Intraoperative subcortical electrical mapping of optic radiations in awake surgery for glioma involving visual pathways","volume":"117","author":"Gras-Combe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00140","article-title":"The value of glioma extent of resection in the modern neurosurgical era","volume":"3","author":"Hardesty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(91)90113-N","article-title":"Cerebral granular cell tumor occurring with glioblastoma multiforme: Case report","volume":"36","author":"Harris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050620","article-title":"An unusual variant of ependymoma with extensive tumor cell vacuolization","volume":"93","author":"Hirato","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.4.1703","article-title":"Quadrantic visual field defects. A hallmark of lesions in extrastriate (V2\/V3) cortex","volume":"114","author":"Horton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.33160\/yam.2023.08.006","article-title":"Papillary glioneuronal tumor masquerading as malignant brain tumors: A case report","volume":"66","author":"Hosoya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Yonago Acta Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.12.071","article-title":"Glioblastoma presenting with pure alexia and palinopsia involving the left inferior occipital gyrus and visual word form area evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging tractography","volume":"89","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-818519","article-title":"Combined three-dimensional anisotropy contrast imaging and magnetoencephalography guidance to preserve visual function in a patient with an occipital lobe tumor","volume":"47","author":"Inoue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-20","article-title":"Critical Appraisal Tools for use in JBI Systematic Reviews: Checklist for Case Series","author":"Joanna Briggs Institute","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03085-x","article-title":"Primary cerebral epithelioid angiosarcoma: A case report","volume":"23","author":"Kuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: A summary","volume":"23","author":"Louis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-006-0155-0","article-title":"Patient with resected anaplastic astrocytoma and an image suggestive of relapse","volume":"8","author":"Maci\u00e1 Escalante","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-24","first-page":"2127","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: An introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn","year":"2020","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-9053-5","article-title":"Response to chemotherapy of a radiation-induced glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"78","author":"Nicolardi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000320729","article-title":"Progressive biological behavior of a dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor","volume":"46","author":"Preuss","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2509-1","article-title":"Pilocytic astrocytoma with anaplastic features presenting good long-term clinical course after surgery alone: A case report","volume":"31","author":"Saito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000318159.21731.cf","article-title":"Glioma extent of resection and its impact on patient outcome","volume":"62","author":"Sanai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci16030329","article-title":"Assessment of patterns of infiltration and relapse of patients with glioblastoma of the occipital lobe","volume":"16","author":"Schulenkowski","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0582-0","article-title":"Relationships between brain tumor and optic tract or calcarine fissure are involved in visual field deficits after surgery for brain tumor","volume":"152","author":"Shinoura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70665-9","article-title":"Fluorescence-guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid for resection of malignant glioma: A randomised controlled multicentre phase III trial","volume":"7","author":"Stummer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.11.004","article-title":"A solitary extraventricular subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Tompe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2020.100675","article-title":"Awake surgery versus VEP in tumors of visual pathway: Case report","volume":"20","author":"Verst","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-011-1125-z","article-title":"Occipital WHO grade II gliomas: Oncological, surgical and functional considerations","volume":"153","author":"Viegas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00447-z","article-title":"EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood","volume":"18","author":"Weller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191470","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1191470","article-title":"Fluorescein-guided surgery for high-grade glioma resection: A five-year-long retrospective study at our institute","volume":"13","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_671_2026\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-025-05144-4","article-title":"Anatomical distribution and prognostic heterogeneity in glioma: Unique clinical features of occipital glioblastoma","volume":"175","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/occipital-lobe-glial-and-glioneuronal-tumors-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-presentation-surgical-management-and-outcomes\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/occipital-lobe-glial-and-glioneuronal-tumors-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-presentation-surgical-management-and-outcomes\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T08:22:37Z","timestamp":1785486157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/occipital-lobe-glial-and-glioneuronal-tumors-a-systematic-review-of-clinical-presentation-surgical-management-and-outcomes\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_671_2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_671_2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"article-number":"439"}}