{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:28:44Z","timestamp":1784309324906,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated preliminary success as a treatment for neuropsychological disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use disorder. This systematic review aims to assess the use of DBS in treating eating disorders (EDs) to determine its utility and the extent of adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A PubMed search following PRISMA guidelines was executed to find studies encompassing DBS as a treatment of ED. Outcomes were extracted from the literature and summarized while a review of quality was also performed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From a search yielding 299 publications, 11 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were found to fit the inclusion criteria. Out of 53 patients who began with an abnormal BMI before treatment, 22 patients (41.5%) achieved normal BMI on follow-up. Significant neuropsychological improvement was seen in most patients as measured by neuropsychiatric testing and questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>DBS as a treatment for ED may result in significant objective and psychological benefits. Further studies should aim to increase the sample size, standardize follow-up protocol, and standardize the neuropsychiatric tests used to determine psychological and physiological benefits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_730_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T13:27:42Z","timestamp":1618838862000},"page":"169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The utility of deep brain stimulation surgery for treating eating disorders: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Mark Immanuel","family":"Potes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, California, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Joaquin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Education, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, Pennsylvania, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Wiecks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, Nevada, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheshanna","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, Nevada, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omron","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Henderson, Nevada, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","article-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/OnlineFirst\/103090","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation: New possibilities for the treatment of mental disorders","volume":"53","author":"Besz\u0142ej","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.856","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial forebrain bundle in a patient with major depressive disorder and anorexia nervosa","volume":"5","author":"Blomstedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1108\/mi.2018.7900","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of results by anatomical target","volume":"10","author":"Borders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ment Illn"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2011.551629","article-title":"Treatment results of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in a residential treatment program","volume":"19","author":"Brewerton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-7","first-page":"2416","article-title":"Weight change and health outcomes at three years after bariatric surgery among patients with severe obesity","volume":"310","author":"Courcoulas","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.02.0017","article-title":"Functional imaging and related techniques: An introduction for rehabilitation researchers","volume":"47","author":"Crosson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-171077","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The effect of varying stimulation parameters","volume":"7","author":"Dayal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-017-2749-8","article-title":"What are the real procedural costs of bariatric surgery? A systematic literature review of published cost analyses","volume":"27","author":"Doble","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-015-0211-2","article-title":"Prognostic factors and outcome in anorexia nervosa: A follow-up study","volume":"21","author":"Errichiello","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.6458","article-title":"Trends in obesity among adults in the United States, 2005 to 2014","volume":"315","author":"Flegal","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23195","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Flora E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22668","article-title":"Intensive treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa: The cost of weight restoration","volume":"50","author":"Guarda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-15","first-page":"69","article-title":"The multimodal treatment of eating disorders","volume":"4","author":"Halmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pjnns.2016.01.014","article-title":"Nucleus accumbens stimulation in pathological obesity","volume":"50","author":"Harat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-17","article-title":"Outcomes of deep brain stimulation surgery for substance use disorder: A systematic review","volume-title":"Neurosurg Rev","author":"Hassan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00281.2015","article-title":"Mechanisms of deep brain stimulation","volume":"115","author":"Herrington","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20056","article-title":"Most effective stimulation site in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"19","author":"Herzog","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS172995","article-title":"Reduced long-term cost and increased patient satisfaction with rechargeable implantable pulse generators for deep brain stimulation","volume":"131","author":"Hitti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.11.016","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the subgenual cingulate cortex for an intractable eating disorder","volume":"67","author":"Isra\u00ebl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0145-3","article-title":"What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission and recovery in anorexia nervosa","volume":"5","author":"Khalsa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-24","first-page":"5","article-title":"American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"164","author":"Koran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125317743435","article-title":"Neuromodulation for the treatment of eating disorders and obesity","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ther Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2019.05.001","article-title":"Obsessions are strongly related to eating disorder symptoms in anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa","volume":"34","author":"Levinson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30076-7","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subcallosal cingulate for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: 1 year follow-up of an open-label trial","volume":"4","author":"Lipsman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62188-6","article-title":"Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: A phase 1 pilot trial","volume":"381","author":"Lipsman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.02.004","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory anorexia nervosa: A long-term follow-up study","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-018-9393-5","article-title":"Efficacy of invasive and non-invasive brain modulation interventions for addiction","volume":"29","author":"Luigjes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-019-00742-4","article-title":"Changes in eating behavior after deep brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa. A case study","volume":"25","author":"Manuelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.09.015","article-title":"Improvements in anorexia symptoms after deep brain stimulation for intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"73","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.12.006","article-title":"Diagnosis of obesity and use of obesity biomarkers in science and clinical medicine","volume":"92","author":"Nimptsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-34","article-title":"What Are Eating Disorders?","author":"Parekh","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00024","article-title":"Study protocol: Using deep-brain stimulation, multimodal neuroimaging and neuroethics to understand and treat severe enduring anorexia nervosa","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1217-3","article-title":"Medical devices in obesity treatment","volume":"19","author":"Ruban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-37","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease","author":"Slavin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-2197.2003.02748.x","article-title":"Methodological index for non-randomized studies (minors): Development and validation of a new instrument","volume":"73","author":"Slim","year":"2003","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-0667-7","article-title":"Directional deep brain stimulation","volume":"16","author":"Steigerwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-40","first-page":"48","article-title":"DSM-5 Changes: Implications for Child Serious Emotional Disturbance","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00030","article-title":"Cognitive task performance during titration predicts deep brain stimulation treatment efficacy: Evidence from a case study","volume":"11","author":"Weichart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.FOCUS18141","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for appetite disorders: A review","volume":"45","author":"Whiting","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.10.002","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the hypothalamus leads to increased metabolic rate in refractory obesity","volume":"121","author":"Whiting","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.JNS12903","article-title":"Lateral hypothalamic area deep brain stimulation for refractory obesity: A pilot study with preliminary data on safety, body weight, and energy metabolism","volume":"119","author":"Whiting","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2415","article-title":"Benefits of modest weight loss in improving cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese individuals with Type 2 diabetes","volume":"34","author":"Wing","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.06.039","article-title":"Deep-brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa","volume":"80S","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_730_2020\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000000261","article-title":"Metabolic imaging of deep brain stimulation in anorexia nervosa: A 18F-FDG PET\/CT study","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/the-utility-of-deep-brain-stimulation-surgery-for-treating-eating-disorders-a-systematic-review","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/the-utility-of-deep-brain-stimulation-surgery-for-treating-eating-disorders-a-systematic-review","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T08:00:33Z","timestamp":1643184033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/the-utility-of-deep-brain-stimulation-surgery-for-treating-eating-disorders-a-systematic-review"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_730_2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_730_2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"article-number":"169"}}