{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T19:01:27Z","timestamp":1788548487513,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\nBackground: <\/jats:title>\nIntracranial epidural hematoma (EDH) is frequently secondary to trauma, but in some rare cases, spontaneous EDH (SEDH) could develop without trauma. Cranial osteomyelitis is an uncommon osseous infection that most frequently presents as a postoperative complication but also rarely originates from paranasal sinusitis and can develop extracranially to form a subperiosteal abscess or intracranially to form an epidural, subdural, or cerebral abscess. Intracranial epidural abscess (EDA) is an uncommon infection that forms in the space between the cranial bone and dura mater. It is rare to have a case of SEDH associated with cranial osteomyelitis and EDA due to paranasal sinusitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCase Description: <\/jats:title>\nAn 18-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with headache, nausea, and vomiting for 2 days. The patient denied a history of head trauma, operation, and any other infectious and systemic diseases, and he was not taking any medication. CT scan demonstrated a mixed density lenticular mass with some air collection in the frontal region. The axial sinus CT image demonstrated opacification of the left frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses. An emergency operation confirmed the diagnosis of frontal SEDH associated with EDA and frontal osteomyelitis. The frontal EDH, abscess, and the infected bone were completely removed during the operation without opening the dura. The patient recovered well after receiving 8 weeks of antibiotic therapy, and a cranioplasty was performed 9 months after the craniectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion: <\/jats:title>\nTo the best of our knowledge, SEDH associated with EDA is very rare. It is important to recognize the possibility of SEDH associated with cranial osteomyelitis and EDA due to paranasal sinusitis, and the presence of an EDA should, therefore, be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases of SEDH.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_761_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1632983578000},"page":"478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A case report of frontal spontaneous epidural hematoma associated with cranial osteomyelitis and epidural abscess due to paranasal sinusitis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zongyu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-1","article-title":"Cranial Osteomyelitis: Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"Akhaddar","year":"2016","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.015","article-title":"Cranial osteomyelitis: The old enemy is back","volume":"115","author":"Akhaddar","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/sni.sni_45_17","article-title":"Cranioplasty: Indications, procedures, and outcome An institutional experience","volume":"8","author":"Andrabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.01.011","article-title":"Spontaneous extradural hematoma as a presentation of sinusitis: Case report and literature review","volume":"71","author":"Chaiyasate","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-5","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Extradural hematoma associated with middle-ear infection","volume":"102","author":"Clein","year":"1970","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.1942","article-title":"Metastatic epidural bacterial abscess in a 4-year-old boy","volume":"70","author":"DeVries","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850701477728","article-title":"Intracranial infections: Clinical and imaging characteristics","volume":"48","author":"Foerster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/026886902317384553","article-title":"Spontaneous extradural haematoma associated with craniofacial infections: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Griffiths","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000316255.36726.5b","article-title":"The surgical management of infections involving the cerebrum","volume":"62","author":"Hall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_761_2021\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1968.28.1.0067","article-title":"Epidural hematoma secondary to frontal sinusitis. 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