{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T07:01:18Z","timestamp":1790319678301,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized but poorly understood manifestation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Although deficits in attention, executive functioning, memory, processing speed, and reaction time have been reported, the characteristics, trajectory, and underlying mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction remain incompletely defined. Interpretation of the literature is limited by heterogeneity in study design, variability in neurocognitive assessment methods, and the absence of standardized cognitive outcome measures. Consequently, cognitive morbidity is overlooked in clinical practice and is not incorporated into treatment decision-making, which remains centered around visual outcomes and papilledema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this narrative review, we synthesize evidence from IIH studies and related disease models to examine the putative mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction and propose a conceptual framework for its pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive dysfunction in IIH may arise through interactions between elevated intracranial pressure, cerebral venous hypertension, symptom-related amplifiers including chronic headache, sleep disturbance, pulsatile tinnitus, and psychiatric comorbidity, and broader biological and socioeconomic modifiers influencing cognitive vulnerability and recovery. This framework integrates current evidence and identifies potential pathways linking IIH to cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved understanding of the cognitive effects of IIH may help improve recognition of cognitive dysfunction in clinical care. Recognition of cognition as a clinically meaningful and potentially treatment-responsive outcome may help inform future studies evaluating whether cognition has a role in treatment selection, particularly in patients without papilledema, in whom disease burden may currently be underestimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_795_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:50:29Z","timestamp":1790319029000},"page":"545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive impairment in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A conceptual framework and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States"},{"name":"Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine - Joplin Campus, Joplin, MO, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnu Achyuth","family":"Suresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Borg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698744","article-title":"Update on the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-024-02550-9","article-title":"Cogn\u0131t\u0131ve funct\u0131ons in idiopathic intracranial hypertens\u0131on","volume":"124","author":"Ak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2015.00150","article-title":"Subclinical hypothyroidism and cognitive function in people over 60 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Akintola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-4","first-page":"1714","article-title":"Histopathological changes in myocardial tissue due to coronary venous hypertension","volume":"19","author":"Ak\u015fit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130452","article-title":"Meta-analysis of memory and executive dysfunctions in relation to vitamin D","volume":"37","author":"Annweiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199251357730","article-title":"Self-reported cognitive dysfunction improves following venous sinus stenting","volume":"15910199251357730","author":"Ashraf","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_50_18","article-title":"Prognosis of hormonal deficits in empty Sella syndrome using neuroimaging","volume":"13","author":"Atci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317518822274","article-title":"Effect of vitamin D on cognitive functions in older adults: 24-week follow-up study","volume":"34","author":"Ates Bulut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826c197f","article-title":"Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Balion","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179558119874042","DOI":"10.1177\/1179558119874042","article-title":"Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: Implications for pathogenesis and novel management strategies","volume":"13","author":"Barber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Reprod Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02306","article-title":"Testosterone and cognitive function: Current clinical evidence of a relationship","volume":"155","author":"Beauchet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-12","first-page":"100146","article-title":"Vascular intracranial malformations and dementia: An underestimated cause and clinical correlation. Clinical note","volume":"3","author":"Berra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cereb Circ Cogn Behav"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101307010026","article-title":"The incidence of blindness due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the UK","volume":"7","author":"Best","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Ophthalmol J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70088-3","article-title":"Dementia and cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes and prediabetic stages: Towards targeted interventions","volume":"2","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0164466","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164466","article-title":"Resolution of pulsatile tinnitus after venous sinus stenting in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Boddu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2854","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012037","article-title":"Socioeconomic and geographic disparities in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"96","author":"Brahma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-5764-2016DN1003012","article-title":"Arteriovenous malformation and dementia: A case report","volume":"10","author":"Brucki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6799-5","article-title":"Cognitive impairment after cerebral venous thrombosis: A two-center study","volume":"260","author":"Bugnicourt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2007.08.007","article-title":"The nature of skin pigmentations in chronic venous insufficiency: A preliminary report","volume":"35","author":"Caggiati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1611","article-title":"Severity of topiramate-related working memory impairment is modulated by plasma concentration and working memory capacity","volume":"60","author":"Callisto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-21","first-page":"335","article-title":"Endocrine dysfunction and cognitive impairment","volume":"46","author":"Calsolaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Minerva Endocrinol (Torino)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/19458924211069213","article-title":"Noticable findings in cranial MRI of the patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"36","author":"\u00c7ankaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol Allergy"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343996","article-title":"Abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with primary empty Sella","volume":"25","author":"Cannav\u00f2","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S416253","article-title":"The relationship between chronic pain and cognitive impairment in the elderly: A review of current evidence","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330936","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1330936","article-title":"Psychiatric adverse events associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists: A real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2020.16.2.237","article-title":"Effect of sleep quality on headache-related impact in primary headache disorders","volume":"16","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.08.008","article-title":"Insulin, cognition, and dementia","volume":"719","author":"Cholerton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25424823251342182","DOI":"10.1177\/25424823251342182","article-title":"Exploring the link between GLP-1 receptor agonists and dementia: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Chuansangeam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-29","first-page":"375","article-title":"Understanding the pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH): A review of recent developments","volume":"95","author":"Colman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0288","article-title":"Primary empty sella","volume":"90","author":"De Marinis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-020-01321-3","article-title":"Psychiatric symptoms are frequent in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients","volume":"44","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.12.JNS181883","article-title":"Cognitive performance in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation","volume":"132","author":"De Souza Coelho","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001687","article-title":"Quality of life in idiopathic intracranial hypertension at diagnosis: IIH Treatment Trial results","volume":"84","author":"Digre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43155-9","article-title":"Author correction: The endocannabinoid N-arachidonoyl dopamine is critical for hyperalgesia induced by chronic sleep disruption","volume":"14","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-35","first-page":"115","article-title":"Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: A focused review","volume":"11","author":"Duval","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcab043","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab043","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic function in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"3","author":"Eide","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-019-0073-z","article-title":"Cognitive assessment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients","volume":"55","author":"Elbanhawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-018-0010-6","article-title":"Neurophysiologic tests screening cognitive impairment in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients","volume":"54","author":"Elbanhawy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-021-00338-9","article-title":"Diagnostic value of brain MR imaging and its correlation with clinical presentation and cognitive functions in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients","volume":"57","author":"Elmaaty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3331024231161323","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231161323","article-title":"\u201cIdiopathic\u201d intracranial hypertension: An update from neurointerventional research for clinicians","volume":"43","author":"Fargen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015251","article-title":"A descriptive study of venous sinus pressures and gradients in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Fargen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15910199251380374","DOI":"10.1177\/15910199251380374","article-title":"Cerebral venous outflow revisited: Contemporary insights to simplify a complex disease","author":"Fargen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interv Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2019-015498","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is not idiopathic: Proposal for a new nomenclature and patient classification","volume":"12","author":"Fargen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-44","article-title":"Topiramate","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Fariba","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-45","article-title":"Intracranial hypertension","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Farrell","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-46","article-title":"Acetazolamide","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Farzam","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0057","article-title":"Predictors of cognitive impairment in pseudotumor cerebri","volume":"55","author":"Fermo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.10.1551","article-title":"Headache diagnoses in patients with treated idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"58","author":"Friedman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-019-00110-1","article-title":"Cerebral venous congestion promotes blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation, impairing cognitive function in mice","volume":"41","author":"Fulop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1124","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00776.2018","article-title":"Role of age-related alterations of the cerebral venous circulation in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"316","author":"Fulop","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344013","article-title":"Impairment of GH secretion in adults with primary empty sella","volume":"25","author":"Gasperi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2020.102296","article-title":"Cognitive function associated with different diagnoses of anxiety disorders over the lifespan: Results from a Spanish representative sample","volume":"75","author":"Gayete","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S321","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.104075","article-title":"Empty sella syndrome-beyond being an incidental finding","volume":"16","author":"Ghatnatti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e35545","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035545","article-title":"Should topiramate be initial therapy in the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?: A literature review","volume":"102","author":"Goyal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"fcab202","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcab202","article-title":"Cognitive performance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and relevance of intracranial pressure","volume":"3","author":"Grech","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02908-y","article-title":"Effect of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide, used as an intracranial pressure lowering agent, on cognition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Grech","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.02.014","article-title":"Thyroid hormones and cognitive functioning in healthy, euthyroid women: A correlational study","volume":"61","author":"Grigorova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0416-6","article-title":"Primary empty sella (PES): A review of 175 cases","volume":"16","author":"Guitelman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: Potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12031169","article-title":"Tinnitus and its relation to depression, anxiety, and stress-a population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Hackenberg","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.0262","article-title":"Focal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) presenting with progressive cognitive impairment including amnesia and alexia","volume":"46","author":"Hasumi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-62","first-page":"338","article-title":"Dementia caused by dural arteriovenous fistulas reversed following endovascular therapy","volume":"25","author":"Henderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23499-6_580","article-title":"Tinnitus-idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery","author":"Henriquez","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07440-8","article-title":"Venous sinus stenting for refractory benign intracranial hypertension","volume":"359","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2025-023392","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in cerebral venous congestion: The need for improved assessment tools-a literature review","volume":"18","author":"Hui","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6700443","article-title":"Ophthalmic features of idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Hung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.5469\/neuroint.2017.12.1.50","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula manifested as rapid progressive dementia successfully treated by endovascular embolization only","volume":"12","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurointervention"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002615","article-title":"Decoupling of the amygdala to other salience network regions in adolescent-onset recurrent major depressive disorder","volume":"46","author":"Jacobs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7326","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is associated with a higher burden of visible cerebral perivascular spaces: The glymphatic connection","volume":"42","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2023.2.20220108","article-title":"The consequences of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","volume":"28","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-71","article-title":"Furosemide","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Khan","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/630475","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in patients with pseudotumor cerebri syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Kharkar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.12.2224","article-title":"Cerebral venography and manometry in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"45","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6501","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206501","article-title":"Testosterone and the amygdala\u2019s functional connectivity in women and men","volume":"12","author":"Kogler","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-160","article-title":"Nutcracker syndrome: Diagnosis and therapy","volume":"11","author":"Kolber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaclp.2023.10.005","article-title":"A systematic review of neuropsychiatric symptoms in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"65","author":"Kosyakova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001806","article-title":"Enlarged amygdala volume and reduced hippocampal volume in young women with major depression","volume":"34","author":"Lange","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006166","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: The veno glymphatic connections","volume":"91","author":"Lenck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2019.01.011","article-title":"Auditory attention in individuals with tinnitus","volume":"86","author":"Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eprac.2024.03.004","article-title":"A comprehensive review of empty sella and empty sella syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Lundholm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00298-7","article-title":"Understanding idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Mechanisms, management, and future directions","volume":"15","author":"Markey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-82","first-page":"223","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, hormones, and 11\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases","volume":"9","author":"Markey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000002073","article-title":"Social determinants of health in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Markowitz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.08.006","article-title":"A comprehensive literature review of chronic pain and memory","volume":"87","author":"Mazza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.8.JNS17459","article-title":"Fifty shades of gradients: Does the pressure gradient in venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension matter? A systematic review","volume":"130","author":"McDougall","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0263-x","article-title":"The prevalence, measurement, and treatment of the cognitive dimension\/domain in major depressive disorder","volume":"29","author":"McIntyre","year":"2015","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000165994.46777.BE","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral effects of lamotrigine and topiramate in healthy volunteers","volume":"64","author":"Meador","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1251","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011463","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and health care outcomes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A population study","volume":"96","author":"Miah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2010.08.015","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of portal hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Mi\u00f1ano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311302","article-title":"Evolving evidence in adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Pathophysiology and management","volume":"87","author":"Mollan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317440","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Consensus guidelines on management","volume":"89","author":"Mollan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14465","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to migraine: A matched controlled cohort study","volume":"63","author":"Mollan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2016.31.2.185","article-title":"Endocrine risk factors for cognitive impairment","volume":"31","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.01.002","article-title":"The effect of pain on cognitive function: A review of clinical and preclinical research","volume":"93","author":"Moriarty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5055","article-title":"Transverse sinus stenosis is the most sensitive MR imaging correlate of idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3312","article-title":"Effect of acetazolamide on visual function in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and mild visual loss: The idiopathic intracranial hypertension treatment trial","volume":"311","author":"Wall","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-021-00504-0","article-title":"Cerebral venous congestion exacerbates cerebral microhemorrhages in mice","volume":"44","author":"Nyul-Toth","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125348","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125348","article-title":"A unique androgen excess signature in idiopathic intracranial hypertension is linked to cerebrospinal fluid dynamics","volume":"4","author":"O\u2019Reilly","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200348","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200348","article-title":"The psychological and cognitive landscape of adult idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Paranathala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_792_23","article-title":"Clinicoradiological features and long-term cognitive and functional outcome in patients with deep cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"27","author":"Patwardhan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2011.05.004","article-title":"Sex steroids and connectivity in the human brain: A review of neuroimaging studies","volume":"36","author":"Peper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S199746","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in depression: Recent advances and novel treatments","volume":"15","author":"Perini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03345308","article-title":"Hypopituitarism as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its possible relation with cognitive disabilities and mental distress","volume":"27","author":"Popovic","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201037","article-title":"Pearls & oy-sters: Cerebral venous congestion associated with cognitive decline treated by jugular release","volume":"99","author":"Primiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2019.105527","article-title":"Psychiatric disorders are a common prognostic marker for worse outcome in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"186","author":"Puustinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1207-0","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging finding of empty sella in obesity related idiopathic intracranial hypertension is associated with enlarged sella turcica","volume":"55","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012784","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"48","author":"Reynolds","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2023.2249176","article-title":"A systematic review of cognition in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"38","author":"Richey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-109","first-page":"656","article-title":"Reversibility of venous sinus obstruction in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Rohr","year":"2007","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12498","article-title":"Symptoms in patients with skin changes due to chronic venous insufficiency often lead to emergency care service: An Italian observational study","volume":"13","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02840-6","article-title":"MR findings suggestive of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in 117 patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea","volume":"64","author":"Rupa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.70198","article-title":"Psychiatric effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of emerging evidence","volume":"28","author":"Sa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819835178","article-title":"Depression in patients with tinnitus: A systematic review","volume":"161","author":"Salazar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000089","article-title":"Psychiatric and cognitive manifestations of hypothyroidism","volume":"21","author":"Samuels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.AIAN_191_19","article-title":"Depression and quality of life after cerebral venous sinus thrombosis","volume":"23","author":"Saroja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2024-021938","article-title":"Total brain volume is associated with severity of transverse sinus stenosis in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Schartz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2024.08.048","article-title":"Outcomes of pulsatile tinnitus after cerebral venous sinus stenting: Systematic review and pooled analysis of 616 patients","volume":"190","author":"Schartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e209529","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209529","article-title":"Association of extent of transverse sinus stenosis with cerebral glymphatic clearance in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Schartz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-024-03363-6","article-title":"Clinical value of neuroimaging indicators of intracranial hypertension in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis","volume":"66","author":"Schuchardt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101761","article-title":"Chronic pain management and sleep disorders","volume":"5","author":"Seiger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208036","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208036","article-title":"Changes in prevalence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the United States between 2015 and 2022, stratified by sex, race, and ethnicity","volume":"102","author":"Shaia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2020.106288","article-title":"Risk of incident dementia and cognitive impairment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A large UK population-based study","volume":"177","author":"Siraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1986.tb03273.x","article-title":"Persistent disturbances of cognitive functions in patients with pseudotumor cerebri","volume":"73","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2026-025367","article-title":"Venous sinus stent placement is associated with improvement in volumetric skull base thickness","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000448","article-title":"Obesity and weight loss in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A narrative review","volume":"37","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2014.20.1.6","article-title":"Hepatic venous pressure gradient: Clinical use in chronic liver disease","volume":"20","author":"Suk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6097820","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6097820","article-title":"Low Vitamin D and its association with cognitive impairment and dementia","volume":"2020","author":"Sultan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jnis-2026-025625","DOI":"10.1136\/jnis-2026-025625","article-title":"Slit ventricles in idiopathic intracranial hypertension appear to expand after venous sinus stenting: A volumetric analysis","author":"Suresh","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Neurointerv Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e059982","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.059982","article-title":"Use acetazolamide in the complex therapy of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Sushko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.5.636","article-title":"Effects of topiramate on cognitive function","volume":"69","author":"Thompson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14090877","article-title":"Therapeutic cerebral fluid puncture in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: No short-term effect on neurocognitive function","volume":"14","author":"Thunstedt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-133","first-page":"e56","article-title":"An update on idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Thurtell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874413515680","article-title":"A dural fistula as a treatable cause of cognitive impairment","volume":"4","author":"van Munster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117416","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.17416","article-title":"Association of vision impairment with cognitive decline across multiple domains in older adults","volume":"4","author":"Varadaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00093","article-title":"The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition: Insight from spatial and verbal working memory","volume":"7","author":"Vytal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2010.03.003","article-title":"Idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"28","author":"Wall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2012.12.003","article-title":"Effects of acetazolamide on cognitive performance during high-altitude exposure","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol Teratol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-139","first-page":"557","article-title":"Influencing factors and exercise intervention of cognitive impairment in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2020b","journal-title":"J Clin IntervAging"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772513","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.772513","article-title":"Detecting cognitive impairment in idiopathic intracranial hypertension using ocular motor and neuropsychological testing","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00796-3","article-title":"Cognitive impairment caused by hypoxia: From clinical evidences to molecular mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.002","article-title":"Severe obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with an increased prevalence of mild cognitive impairment","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00918","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.918","article-title":"The characteristics of cognitive impairment in subjective chronic tinnitus","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00511-1","article-title":"CSF hyperdynamics in rats mimicking the obesity and androgen excess characteristic of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"21","author":"Wardman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00436-1","article-title":"Modelling idiopathic intracranial hypertension in rats: Contributions of high fat diet and testosterone to intracranial pressure and cerebrospinal fluid production","volume":"20","author":"Wardman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr305","article-title":"Effect of growth hormone deficiency on brain structure, motor function and cognition","volume":"135","author":"Webb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231182244","article-title":"Cerebral venous congestion alters brain metabolite profiles, impairing cognitive function","volume":"43","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10658","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm4.10658","article-title":"The importance of sleep for people with chronic pain: Current insights and evidence","volume":"6","author":"Whale","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.1622","article-title":"Association between persistent pain and memory decline and dementia in a longitudinal cohort of elders","volume":"177","author":"Whitlock","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2025-0044","article-title":"Empty sella syndrome: Long-term impact on pituitary function","volume":"18","author":"Yagoubi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275560","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1275560","article-title":"Tinnitus-associated cognitive and psychological impairments: A comprehensive review meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.11.031","article-title":"Acetazolamide impairs fear memory consolidation in rodents","volume":"67","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-153","article-title":"Gabapentin","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Yasaei","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e004376","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004376","article-title":"Cognitive function in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A prospective case-control study","volume":"4","author":"Yri","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737874","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.737874","article-title":"Evidence for cognitive decline in chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788322","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.788322","article-title":"Effects of chronic hypoxic environment on cognitive function and neuroimaging measures in a high-altitude population","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_795_2026\/ref-157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000199","article-title":"Evidence of multidomain mild cognitive impairment in idiopathic intracranial hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Zur","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/cognitive-impairment-in-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-a-conceptual-framework-and-therapeutic-implications\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/cognitive-impairment-in-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-a-conceptual-framework-and-therapeutic-implications\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:50:46Z","timestamp":1790319046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/cognitive-impairment-in-idiopathic-intracranial-hypertension-a-conceptual-framework-and-therapeutic-implications\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"references-count":156,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_795_2026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_795_2026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]]},"article-number":"545"}}