{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:40:33Z","timestamp":1741333233006,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a rare presentation in healthy pediatric patients due to a myriad of conditions. Among them, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) stand out for their potential to rupture and risk of death due to hemorrhagic strokes. A complication to consider in patients post ICH due to AVMs is the development of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) and cerebral salt wasting (CSW), as these complications further delay recovery and may lead to devastating results if left untreated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Case Description<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We report a rare case of a 13-year-old female who developed a nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage due to a rupture of left AVM. She was managed with a decompressive craniotomy and further stabilized with two sessions of embolization. Following surgical intervention, she developed PSH and CSW, recovering through medical management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>By highlighting this unique presentation in a previously healthy patient, we aim to deepen our understanding of the complexities surrounding fewer known causes of pediatric ICH, particularly in relation to nontraumatic AVMs, and to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Close monitoring and prompt assessment are required to prevent further complications in patients with PSH or CSW.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_802_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:03:30Z","timestamp":1741331010000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity and cerebral salt wasting post management of arteriovenous malformation in a pediatric patient: A case report"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Hafez","family":"Mousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate Medical Education, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imad A. M.","family":"Abuanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Hajijama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusor","family":"Al-Nuaimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arwa","family":"Jader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kufa University, Kufa, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jumana Hussain","family":"Timraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra Wadi Bin","family":"Saddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Jilan Al","family":"Nahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghaya Zeyad","family":"Alrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Dubai Medical College, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motaz M.B.","family":"Abudaqqa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurocritical Care, HMS Al Garhoud, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeyad Faoor","family":"Alrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ameer","family":"Alyeldien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences, Dubai Health, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5987","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1058","article-title":"Posterior pituitary dysfunction after traumatic brain injury","volume":"89","author":"Agha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24346","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in neurocritical children: A pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Agrwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_33_18","article-title":"Using propranolol in traumatic brain injury to reduce sympathetic storm phenomenon: A prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Ammar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3301","article-title":"Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acquired brain injury: Consensus on conceptual definition, nomenclature, and diagnostic criteria","volume":"31","author":"Baguley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2016.01.021","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy in the rehabilitation of post-acute traumatic brain injury","volume":"1640","author":"Bhatnagar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_802_2024\/ref-6","first-page":"3654","article-title":"Nontraumatic pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Boulouis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nontraumatic pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage. 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