{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:32:00Z","timestamp":1784543520640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\nBackground: <\/jats:title>\nIn the aftermath of COVID-19 outbreak, there is a strong need to find strategies to monitor SARSCoV-2 transmission. While the application of screening techniques plays a major role to this end, there is evidence challenging the real significance of seroconversion. We reported a case of COVID-19 reactivation associated with a neurosurgical operation with early neuropsychiatric involvement presumably promoted by olfactory and gustatory impairment in the first infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCase Descriptio: <\/jats:title>\nA 57-year-old man was referred for a 2-month history of progressive development of imbalance, dizziness, and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging showed two bilateral hemispheric cerebellar lesions. In line with our triage protocol, the patient underwent a nasopharyngeal swab for RNA of SARS-CoV-2 detection, which resulted positive. Of note, the patient had reported in the previous month hyposmia and hypogeusia. After a period of 14 days, three new swabs were performed with negative results, leading the way to surgery. In the early post-operative period, the patient manifested acute onset of psychotic symptoms with hyperactive delirium, followed by fever and acute respiratory failure. A chest computed tomography revealed a specific pattern of ground-glass opacities in the lower lobes bilaterally, suggesting a viral pneumonia. Serological tests demonstrated the seroconversion and a new nasopharyngeal swab confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion: <\/jats:title>\nOur report highlights the importance of comprehensive screening assessments in sensitive cases highly susceptible to COVID-19 recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_831_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T13:29:13Z","timestamp":1618838953000},"page":"166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Reactivation of COVID-19 in a neurosurgical patient with early neuropsychiatric presentation. Does seroconversion mean immunity?"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Giulio","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Caldiroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroanaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, University of Milan, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Bonomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaelino","family":"Pugliese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"DiMeco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C. Besta, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Zoia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E32","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020200642","article-title":"Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases","volume":"296","author":"Ai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","article-title":"Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: Tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Baig","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2020.05.008","article-title":"Delirium in COVID-19: A case series and exploration of potential mechanisms for central nervous system involvement","volume":"65","author":"Beach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00172","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2: Olfaction, brain infection, and the urgent need for clinical samples allowing earlier virus detection","volume":"11","author":"Butowt","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-5","first-page":"1","article-title":"Editorial Neurosurgery in the storm of COVID-19: Suggestions from the Lombardy region, Italy (ex malo bonum)","volume-title":"J Neurosurg 2020","author":"Cenzato","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26056","article-title":"Recurrence of positive SARSCoV-2 in patients recovered from COVID-19","volume":"92","author":"Hoang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.1127","article-title":"Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China","volume":"77","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2","volume":"82","author":"Netland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2125","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging alteration of the brain in a patient with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and anosmia","volume":"77","author":"Politi","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13594","article-title":"Explanation for COVID-19 infection neurological damage and reactivations","volume":"67","author":"Roe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30203-0","article-title":"Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe Coronavirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2017739","article-title":"Waiting for certainty on COVID-19 antibody tests-at what cost?","volume":"383","author":"Weinstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.001","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 reactivation","volume":"80","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_831_2020\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa344","article-title":"Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with novel Coronavirus disease 2019","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/reactivation-of-covid-19-in-a-neurosurgical-patient-with-early-neuropsychiatric-presentation-does-seroconversion-mean-immunity","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/reactivation-of-covid-19-in-a-neurosurgical-patient-with-early-neuropsychiatric-presentation-does-seroconversion-mean-immunity","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T07:58:35Z","timestamp":1643183915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/reactivation-of-covid-19-in-a-neurosurgical-patient-with-early-neuropsychiatric-presentation-does-seroconversion-mean-immunity"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":14,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_831_2020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_831_2020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"article-number":"166"}}