{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1762957330280},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\nBackground: <\/jats:title>\nVentriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures, yet failure rates remain very high. Surface landmarks are typically used to guide VP shunt placement, but they are not reliable in identifying the target anatomy. Augmented reality (AR) is a promising new technology that has the potential to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of neurosurgical procedures. We describe the use of AR for the surgical planning of a VP shunt.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCase Description: <\/jats:title>\nA 62-year-old male with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage presented with delayed hydrocephalus. A computed tomography scan was obtained that confirmed dilated ventricles, requiring a right VP shunt. The patient was brought to the operating room, where the AR system was used for visualization and planning.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion: <\/jats:title>\nIn this study, we describe the use of AR for VP shunt placement. The AR system consists of a Microsoft HoloLens 2 head-mounted display and a novel markerless registration system, which was used to register patient-specific 3D models onto the patient\u2019s head for visualizing target anatomy and planning an operative approach. The AR system was used to plan the VP shunt placement in the operating room. This system is easy to use and provides a visualization of the patient\u2019s anatomy, which can be used to plan an optimal trajectory. We believe that this has the potential to improve the accuracy and outcomes of VP shunt placements, and further studies are needed to characterize the system\u2019s accuracy and benefits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_856_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:28:27Z","timestamp":1703842107000},"page":"447","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case report: Use of markerless augmented reality system for ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Olexa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Trang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Flessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Labib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.10.002","article-title":"The virtual vision of neurosurgery: How augmented reality and virtual reality are transforming the neurosurgical operating room","volume":"168","author":"Durrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2017.05.007","article-title":"Comparison of electromagnetic neuronavigation system and freehand method for ventricular catheter placement in internal shunt","volume":"158","author":"Gilard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.53.3.150","article-title":"Effect of electromagnetic navigated ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement on failure rates","volume":"53","author":"Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/5\/0930","article-title":"Ventricular catheter trajectories from traditional shunt approaches: A morphometric study in adults with hydrocephalus","volume":"108","author":"Lind","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000002199","article-title":"Expanding educational frontiers in neurosurgery: Current and future uses of augmented reality","volume":"92","author":"Olexa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31821ffa9e","article-title":"Management of adult hydrocephalus with ventriculoperitoneal shunts: Long-term single-institution experience","volume":"69","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.11.JNS111384","article-title":"Comparison of the accuracy of ventricular catheter placement using freehand placement, ultrasonic guidance, and stereotactic neuronavigation","volume":"119","author":"Wilson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_856_2023\/ref-8","first-page":"798488","article-title":"Reconsidering ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and postoperative shunt valve pressure adjustment: Our approaches learned from past challenges and failures","volume":"12","author":"Yamada","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/case-report-use-of-markerless-augmented-reality-system-for-ventriculoperitoneal-shunt-placement\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/case-report-use-of-markerless-augmented-reality-system-for-ventriculoperitoneal-shunt-placement\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:28:30Z","timestamp":1703842110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/case-report-use-of-markerless-augmented-reality-system-for-ventriculoperitoneal-shunt-placement\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_856_2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_856_2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]]},"article-number":"447"}}