{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1780556202012,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Intraosseous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a rare clinical entity that typically presents with symptoms from their effect on surrounding structures. Here, we report a case of intraosseous AVF in the sphenoid bone that presented with bilateral abducens palsy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Case Description: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A previously healthy man presented with tinnitus for 1 month, and initial imaging suspected dural AVF of the cavernous sinus. Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) imaging and a three-dimensional (3D) fused image from the bilateral external carotid arteries revealed that the shunt was in a large venous pouch within the sphenoid bone that was treated through transvenous coil embolization. His symptoms improved the day after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a case presentation of intraosseous AVF in the sphenoid bone and highlights the importance of 4D-DSA and 3D fused images for planning the treatment strategy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_858_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T18:39:39Z","timestamp":1614623979000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for exploration of intraosseous arteriovenous fistula in the sphenoid bone"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issei","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3529","article-title":"4D digital subtraction angiography: Implementation and demonstration of feasibility","volume":"34","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.08.075","article-title":"Fusion technique using three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of complex cerebral and spinal vascular malformations","volume":"85","author":"Fukuda","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02506-9","article-title":"Osseous arteriovenous fistulas in the dorsum sellae, clivus, and condyle","volume":"63","author":"Hiramatsu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1528","article-title":"Intraosseous cranial dural arteriovenous fistula treated with transvenous embolization","volume":"30","author":"Jung","year":"2009","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2017.05.001","article-title":"Anatomical localization of the cavernous sinus dural fistula by 3D rotational angiography with emphasis on clinical and therapeutic implications","volume":"44","author":"Kannath","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105327","article-title":"4D digital subtraction angiography for the temporal flow visualization of intracranial aneurysms and vascular malformations","volume":"29","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-014-1474-4","article-title":"Shunted pouches of cavernous sinus Dural AVFs: Evaluation by 3D rotational angiography","volume":"57","author":"Kiyosue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2016.16073","article-title":"Noncavernous arteriovenous shunts mimicking carotid cavernous fistulae","volume":"22","author":"Kobkitsuksakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.09.104","article-title":"Skull base osseous arteriovenous fistula-a rare clinical entity: Case report and literature review","volume":"97","author":"Mohimen","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_858_2020\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.7461\/jcen.2013.15.3.251","article-title":"Intraosseous arteriovenous malformation of the sphenoid bone presenting with orbital symptoms mimicking cavernous sinus Dural arteriovenous fistula: A case report","volume":"15","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cerebrovasc Endovasc Neurosurg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology 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