{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T21:24:34Z","timestamp":1772313874222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a member of the cytoskeletal protein family and is widely expressed in astroglial and neural stem cells, also in glial tumors such as astrocytoma and Glioblastoma (GBM). Increased GFAP expression and disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier are the characteristic features of GBM. Higher serum GFAP levels can help differentiate GBM from GBM mimics (such as primary central nervous system lymphoma, metastasis, or demyelinating lesions).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center in the department of neurosurgery on newly diagnosed glioma patients who underwent surgery from January 2018 to July 2019, excluded patients with history of the previous surgery for glioma, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The blood sample was obtained at admission before undergoing invasive procedure. Pathological examination of the tumor biopsy sample was carried out using classical hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24.0.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean preoperative tumor volume was 40 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> (range 17.19\u201365.57 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>; standard deviation [SD] = 9.99 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>) which showed 98.25% mean reduction in volume postsurgery (mean tumor volume = 0.7 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>; SD = 0.19 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>). Preoperative serum GFAP measurements show higher levels (spearman\u2019s rho coefficient = 0.610 with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.000) with increasing grade of tumor. GFAP levels also demonstrated higher value with increasing preoperative tumor volume.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Increasing serum GFAP levels in the preoperative period correlate with higher tumor grade, especially grade III and grade IV tumors. The serum GFAP levels showed relation to tumor volume, both before and after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_889_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T10:53:41Z","timestamp":1672397621000},"page":"601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical utility of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein in glial neoplasm"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keshav","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anil Kumar","family":"B. C.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daljit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manju","family":"Subberwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30231-X","article-title":"Serum GFAP and UCH-L1 for prediction of absence of 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combined GFAP, IGFBP-2, and YKL-40 plasma levels in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"120","author":"G\u00e1llego P\u00e9rez-Larraya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/mamcjms.mamcjms_65_19","article-title":"Whether serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) can be used as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with Glioblastoma?","volume":"6","author":"Gandhoke","year":"2020","journal-title":"MAMC J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-012-0401-6","article-title":"Exploratory investigation of eight circulating plasma markers in brain tumor patients","volume":"36","author":"Ilhan-Mutlu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm263","article-title":"Serum GFAP is a diagnostic marker for glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"130","author":"Jung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1829-7","article-title":"Serum levels of GFAP and EGFR in primary and recurrent high-grade gliomas: Correlation to tumor volume, molecular markers, and progression-free survival","volume":"124","author":"Kiviniemi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00300","article-title":"Serial sampling of serum protein biomarkers for monitoring human traumatic brain injury dynamics: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Thelin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-015-1978-8","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a diagnostic marker for glioblastoma","volume":"126","author":"Tichy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_889_2022\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-017-2565-y","article-title":"Serum concentrations of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) do not indicate tumor recurrence in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"135","author":"Vietheer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology 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