{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:44:08Z","timestamp":1790419448732,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The epidural ligaments (ELs) (of Hofmann) were described as fibrous bands interconnecting the ventrolateral spinal dura and the posterior longitudinal ligament below L1. They are hardly ever discussed in the literature or considered in hypothesis-driven basic science experiments or spine biomechanical models.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Intraoperative photographs were obtained to illustrate a group of posterolateral spinal ELs. In addition, electronic database searches (PubMed, Ovid Embase, and SCOPUS) were utilized to summarize the anatomy, and relevant clinical and surgical factors impacting these ELs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>ELs attach circumferentially at most spinal levels. They anchor the nerve root sleeves ventrally, and therefore, may play a role in the some idiopathic neurologic deficits (e.g., postoperative radiculopathies, C5 palsies) in patients without radiological compression. The posterolateral ELs originate on the dura dorsal to the nerve root sleeves and insert on the ipsilateral lamina, interlaminar ligament, and facet capsule. They appear to be continuous with the peridural membrane, a fibrovascular sheath that surrounds the thecal sac and serves as a scaffold for the internal vertebral venous plexus of Batson and epidural fat.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The spinal ELs should be divided sharply during surgery to prevent durotomies, especially in patients with advanced spondylosis and facet arthropathy. Disconnecting these ligaments releases the thecal sac laterally and ventrally, allowing for medial mobilization when performing discectomies or for working in the ventral epidural space.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_894_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T10:53:16Z","timestamp":1611831196000},"page":"33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anatomy of the posterolateral spinal epidural ligaments"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jaime L. Martinez","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,"},{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Kalhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The anatomy of the peridural membrane of the human spine","author":"Bosscher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-2","first-page":"424058","article-title":"The posterior epidural ligaments: A cadaveric and histological 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1976)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198309000-00014","article-title":"Anatomy and significance of fixation of the lumbosacral nerve roots in sciatica","volume":"8","author":"Spencer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-11","first-page":"e779","article-title":"The epidural ligaments (of Hofmann): A comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Tardieu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000115129.59484.24","article-title":"The anterior dural (Hofmann) ligaments","volume":"29","author":"Wadhwani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_894_2020\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199306150-00013","article-title":"Relationship of the dura, Hofmann\u2019s ligaments, Batson\u2019s plexus, and a fibrovascular membrane lying on the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and attaching to the deep layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament, An anatomical, radiologic, and clinical study","volume":"18","author":"Wiltse","year":"1993","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology 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