{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:54:17Z","timestamp":1776297257497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our hypothesis was that lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis (AA)\/chronic lumbar AA (CAA) are clinical diagnoses that do not require radiographic confirmation. Therefore, patients with these syndromes do not necessarily have to demonstrate significant radiographic abnormalities on myelograms, MyeloCT studies, and\/or MR examinations. When present, typical AA\/CAA findings may include; central or peripheral nerve root\/cauda equina thickening\/clumping (i.e. latter empty sac sign), arachnoid cysts, soft tissue masses in the subarachnoid space, and\/or failure of nerve roots to migrate ventrally on prone MR\/Myelo-CT studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods : <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We reviewed 3 articles and 7 clinical series that involved a total of 253 patients with AA\/CAA to determine whether there was a significant correlation between these clinical syndromes, and myelographic, Myelo-CT, and\/or MR imaging pathology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We determined that patients with the clinical diagnoses of AA\/CAA do not necessarily exhibit associated radiographic abnormalities. However, a subset of patients with AA\/CAA may show the classical AA\/CAA findings of; central or peripheral nerve root\/cauda equina thickening\/clumping (empty sac sign), arachnoid cysts, soft tissue masses in the subarachnoid space, and\/or failure of nerve roots to migrate ventrally on prone MR\/ Myelo-CT studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with clinical diagnoses of AA\/CAA do not necessary show associated neuroradiagnostic abnormalities on myelograms, Myelo-CT studies, or MR. Rather, the clinical syndromes of AA\/CAA may exist alone without the requirement for radiolographic confirmation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_943_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T07:06:18Z","timestamp":1667545578000},"page":"507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perspective: Lumbar adhesive arachnoiditis (AA)\/ Chronic AA (CAA) are clinical diagnoses that do not require radiographic confirmation"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Professor of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, State University of NY at Stony Brook, and Editor-in-Chief Surgical Neurology International NY and \u2105 Dr. Marc Agulnick 1122 Frankllin Avenue Suite 106, Garden City, NY 11530, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Agulnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Clinical Professor of Orthopedics, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, NY, USA. 1122 Franklin Avenue Suite 106 Garden City, NY 11530."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_943_2022\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.16704","article-title":"Imaging appearance of advanced chronic adhesive arachnoiditis: A retrospective review","volume":"209","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_943_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198009000-00007","article-title":"Postoperative lumbar epiduro-arachnoiditis. 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