{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T06:30:26Z","timestamp":1772692226645,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Esophageal breach or pharynx perforations are serious and potentially fatal complications of anterior cervical corpectomy\/fusion (ACF). They are either recognized intraoperatively or are diagnosed within several postoperative days. Here, a 76-year-old male presented with the retropharyngeal extrusion of an anterior cervical expandable cage that occurred two years postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Case Description: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 76-year-old male with a history of an anterior corpectomy\/fusion (C3\u2013C6, corpectomy C4, C5) performed two years ago presented with persistent dysphagia for three months. Cervical X-rays showed anterior migration of the expandable cage and that was also confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scans. During intubation, the anesthesiologist observed that the cage had directly penetrated the hypopharynx. Following routine removal of the cage, ENT could not identify (using the operating microscope) any direct perforation of the esophagus or hypopharynx; presumably, the esophageal breach was small, and the esophageal wall spontaneously closed the gap following cage excision.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pharyngeal perforation after ACF is typically associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Stringent preoperative assessment, utilizing X-rays, magnetic resonance\/CT studies, and ENT specialists to perform indirect laryngoscopy, may optimize postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_980_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T19:15:45Z","timestamp":1708110945000},"page":"47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Delayed postoperative erosion of hypopharynx after anterior hardware extrusion: A case report"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papadakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dionysia","family":"Fermeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tsipouriaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theofanis","family":"Vrettos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Mastronikolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Constantoyannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-200002000-00015","article-title":"Esophageal perforations after anterior cervical surgery","volume":"13","author":"Gaudinez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Esophageal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"25","author":"Halani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2008.44.4.259","article-title":"Oral extrusion of screw after anterior cervical interbody fusion","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inat.2020.100867","article-title":"Esophageal perforation associated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Case series and a review of the literature","volume":"22","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interdiscip Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-20-655","article-title":"Expectoration of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion cage: A case report","volume":"7","author":"Prusick","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-6","first-page":"560","article-title":"A rare case of pharyngeal perforation and expectoration of an entire anterior cervical fixation construct","volume":"26","author":"Quadri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1054\/jocn.2000.0826","article-title":"Pharyngeal perforation and spontaneous extrusion of the cervical graft with its fixation device: A late complication of C2-C3 fusion via anterior approach","volume":"8","author":"Sharma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2021.12.110","article-title":"Pharyngoesophageal damage from hardware extrusion at an average of 7.5 years after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion: A case series, discussion of risk factors, and guide for management","volume":"160","author":"Yahanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_980_2023\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.21037\/jss.2020.01.14","article-title":"Complications of anterior cervical spine surgery: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Yee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Spine Surg"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/delayed-postoperative-erosion-of-hypopharynx-after-anterior-hardware-extrusion-a-case-report\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/delayed-postoperative-erosion-of-hypopharynx-after-anterior-hardware-extrusion-a-case-report\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T19:15:51Z","timestamp":1708110951000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/delayed-postoperative-erosion-of-hypopharynx-after-anterior-hardware-extrusion-a-case-report\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"references-count":9,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_980_2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_980_2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"article-number":"47"}}