{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T00:55:59Z","timestamp":1762390559031},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-6078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,6]],"date-time":"2013-06-06T04:51:43Z","timestamp":1370494303000},"page":"3686-3692","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of fescue toxicosis on bull growth, semen characteristics, and breeding soundness evaluation1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"H. M.","family":"Stowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Calcatera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. G.","family":"Andrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.E.","family":"Aiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA-ARS-Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, University of Kentucky Campus, Lexington 40546"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. N.","family":"Schrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Cushing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock and Poultry Health, Clemson University, Columbia, SC 29229"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-821","article-title":"Hemodynamic responses of the caudal artery to toxic tall fescue in beef heifers","volume":"85","author":"Aiken","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2307\/4003111","article-title":"Anti-quality components in forage: Overview, significance, and economic impact","volume":"54","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Range Manage."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(61)89939-6","article-title":"Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. II. Gonadal and extra-gonadal sperm reserves as determined by direct counts and depletion trials; dimensions and weight of genitalia","volume":"44","author":"Almquist","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.423670x","article-title":"Postpuberal changes in semen production of Charolais bulls ejaculated at high frequency and the relation between testicular measurements and sperm output","volume":"42","author":"Almquist","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77526-8","article-title":"Effects of prepartum consumption of endophyte-infested tall fescue on serum prolactin and subsequent milk-production of Holstein cows","volume":"76","author":"Bernard","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00082-4","article-title":"Effects of scrotal insulation on sperm production, semen quality, and testicular echotexture in Bos indicus and Bos indicus \u00d7 Bos taurus bulls","volume":"79","author":"Brito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.781124x","article-title":"Physiological responses of Brahman and Hereford steers to an acute ergotamine challenge","volume":"78","author":"Browning","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.822634x","article-title":"Effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue on indicators of thermal status and growth in Hereford and Senepol steers","volume":"82","author":"Browning","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.753796x","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, and luteinizing hormone in steers administered ergotamine or ergonovine","volume":"75","author":"Browning","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00569-6","article-title":"Reproductive responses to grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue by postpartum beef cows","volume":"56","author":"Burke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(76)84265-8","article-title":"Relationship of testicular weight to age and scrotal circumference of Holstein bulls. J","volume":"59","author":"Coulter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas82-013","article-title":"Scrotal circumference of young beef bulls: Relationship to paired testes weight, effect of breed, and predictability","volume":"62","author":"Coulter","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/019262301301418856","article-title":"Overview of male reproductive pathology","volume":"29","author":"Foley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4513","article-title":"Constriction of bovine vasculature caused by endophyte-infected tall fescue seed extract is similar to pure ergovaline","volume":"90","author":"Foote","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3626","article-title":"Effect of ergot alkaloids on contractility of bovine right ruminal artery and vein","volume":"89","author":"Foote","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8161538x","article-title":"Effects of feeding ergovaline on lamb performance in a heat stress environment","volume":"81","author":"Gadberry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(85)90186-4","article-title":"Associations of scrotal circumference with semen traits in young beef bulls","volume":"24","author":"Gipson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib18","first-page":"E75","article-title":"Novel endophyte-infected tall fescue for growing beef cattle","volume":"82","author":"Gunter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1969.29141x","article-title":"Testicular growth and related sperm output in dairy bulls","volume":"29","author":"Hahn","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8809(93)90036-O","article-title":"Importance and economic-significance of the Acremonium endophytes to performance of animals and grass plant","volume":"44","author":"Hoveland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4493","article-title":"Steer and pasture responses for a novel endophyte tall fescue developed for the upper transition zone","volume":"90","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.81102568x","article-title":"Domperidone can ameliorate deleterious reproductive effects and reduced weight gain associated with fescue toxicosis in heifers","volume":"81","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)31342-5","article-title":"Consumption of toxic fescue impairs bull reproductive parameters","volume":"20","author":"Jones","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(72)85731-X","article-title":"Reproductive capacity of dairy bulls. IX. Changes in reproductive organ weights and semen characteristics of Holstein bulls during the first thirty weeks after puberty","volume":"55","author":"Killian","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-803","article-title":"Ergovaline-induced vasoconstriction in an isolated bovine lateral saphenous vein bioassay","volume":"85","author":"Klotz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1692","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of ergovaline in bovine lateral saphenous veins in vitro","volume":"87","author":"Klotz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1989.6741090x","article-title":"Effects of metoclopramide on steers grazing endophyte-infected fescue","volume":"67","author":"Lipham","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1258","article-title":"Influence of toxic endophyte-infected fescue on sperm characteristics and endocrine factors of yearling Brahman-influenced bulls","volume":"87","author":"Looper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib29","article-title":"Nutrient requirements of beef cattle","author":"NRC","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7051594x","article-title":"Effects of fescue toxicosis on reproduction in livestock","volume":"70","author":"Porter","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.05.031","article-title":"Scrotal insulation and its relationship to abnormal morphology, chromatin protamination and nuclear shape of spermatozoa in Holstein-Friesian and Belgian Blue bulls","volume":"76","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci2010.07.0402","article-title":"Seasonal fluctuation of ergovaline and total ergot alkaloid concentrations in tall fescue regrowth","volume":"51","author":"Rogers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crop Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00235-8","article-title":"Effects of feeding endophyte-infected fescue seed on reproductive traits of male mice divergently selected for resistance or susceptibility to fescue toxicosis","volume":"61","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7541026x","article-title":"Injection of a dopamine antagonist into Holstein steers to relieve symptoms of fescue toxicosis","volume":"75","author":"Samford-Grigsby","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7982202x","article-title":"Complex interaction of ergovaline with 5\u2013HT2A, 5\u2013HT1B\/1D, and alpha1 receptors in isolated arteries of rat and guinea pig","volume":"79","author":"Schoning","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.07.014","article-title":"Effects of administration of ergotamine tartrate on fertility of yearling beef bulls","volume":"63","author":"Schuenemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1071\/RD05005","article-title":"Fertility aspects in yearling beef bulls grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue pastures","volume":"17","author":"Schuenemann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5099","article-title":"Use of different levels of ground endophyte-infected tall fescue seed during heat stress to separate characteristics of fescue toxicosis","volume":"90","author":"Spiers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0720(15)30342-X","article-title":"Breeding soundness evaluation of yearling bulls","volume":"13","author":"Spitzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3478","article-title":"Board-invited review: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions","volume":"89","author":"Strickland","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib41","first-page":"51","article-title":"Tall fescue toxicosis in cattle: Could there be a public health problem here?","volume":"32","author":"Thompson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet. Hum. Toxicol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.2527\/2000.7851191x","article-title":"Impacts of an endophyte-infected fescue seed diet on traits of mouse lines divergently selected for response to that same diet","volume":"78","author":"Wagner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180302052520_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.2527\/2004.82113388x","article-title":"Productivity of cow-calf pairs grazing tall fescue pastures infected with either the wild-type endophyte or a nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte strain, AR542","volume":"82","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article-pdf\/91\/8\/3686\/23988515\/3686.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,14]],"date-time":"2019-07-14T19:56:28Z","timestamp":1563134188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jas\/article\/91\/8\/3686\/4731356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2527\/jas.2012-6078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-8812","1525-3163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-8812","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-3163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]]}}}