{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:48:54Z","timestamp":1780418934244,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MIS Quarterly","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work we explore the question of whether there is a genetic basis for people\u2019s different propensities to search for information. Specifically, we test whether the rs1044396 polymorphism\u2014one variation in the cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) gene\u2014is a reliable predictor of propensity to search for information. A sample of 205 subjects performed an information search task and then donated genetic material, which was analyzed. Using these data we found that the rs1044396 polymorphism is associated with both search duration and the amount of information searched, contributing a genetic explanation for a portion of propensity to search for information. People with the C:C version of rs1044396 gathered 25% more information but spent 13% less time on each piece of information than people with T-alleles before making a decision. Thus, the amount of information that people gather and the temporal cost of gathering that information have a strong genetic component, which has implications for internet search strategies, information use, and information systems design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2020\/14718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T15:21:28Z","timestamp":1610637688000},"page":"747-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Is There a Genetic Basis for Information Search Propensity? A Genotyping Experiment"],"prefix":"10.25300","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Glenn J.","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems & Quantitative Sciences, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Walden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems & Quantitative Sciences, Rawls College of Business, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10933","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b1-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2012.09.014","article-title":"Concept Comparison Engines: A New Frontier of Search","volume":"54","author":"Abrahams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b2-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01614.x","article-title":"Are Individual Differences Germane to the Acceptance of New Information Technologies?","volume":"30","author":"Agarwal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Decision Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082211205995300_b3-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.04.026","article-title":"Eating Slowly Led to Decreases in Energy Intake Within Meals in Healthy Women","volume":"108","author":"Andrade","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b4-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2466\/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517","article-title":"Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale","volume":"110","author":"Andreassen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b5-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168895","article-title":"Personalized Media: A Genetically Informative Investigation of Individual Differences in Online Media Use","volume":"12","author":"Ayorech","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082211205995300_b6-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.23.8.820","article-title":"Cognitive and Personality Tests for the Design of Management Information Systems","volume":"23","author":"Bariff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b7-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2307\/248765","article-title":"An Experimental Investigation of Some MIS Design Variables","volume":"1","author":"Benbasat","year":"1977","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b8-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2307\/248940","article-title":"The Impact of Cognitive Styles on Information System Design","volume":"2","author":"Benbasat","year":"1978","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b9-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.06.002","article-title":"Cholinergic Modulation of Cognition: Insights from Human Pharmacological Functional Neuroimaging","volume":"94","author":"Bentley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082211205995300_b10-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7060118","article-title":"Facebook Addiction: Onset Predictors","volume":"7","author":"Biolcati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b11-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07101556","article-title":"Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction","volume":"165","author":"Block","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b12-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/tpj.2009.6","article-title":"Association of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit \u03b14 Polymorphisms with Nicotine Dependence in 5500 Germans","volume":"9","author":"Breitling","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Pharmacogenomics Journal"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b13-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Bourque, A.\n          \u20082017. \u201cIs Your Company Ready for the Knowledge Worker?,\u201d CIO Magazine, April\u200818 (https:\/\/www.cio.com\/article\/3190255\/software-productivity\/is-your-company-ready-for-the-knowledge-worker.html; accessed November 11, 2019)."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b14-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/0266382112454355","article-title":"Coping with Information Obesity: A Diet for Information Professionals","volume":"29","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Business Information Review"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b15-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obhdp.2004.05.001","article-title":"Stopping Rule Use During Information Search in Design Problems","volume":"95","author":"Browne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b16-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/25148782","article-title":"Cognitive Stopping Rules for Terminating Information Search in Online Tasks","volume":"31","author":"Browne","year":"2007","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b17-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Bughin, J., Chui, M., and Manyika, J.\u20082012. \u201cCapturing Business Value with Social Technologies,\u201d McKinsey Quarterly (4) (https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/high-tech\/our-insights\/capturing-business-value-with-social-technologies)."},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b18-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Bwdit.com.\n          \n          2017. \u201cVarious Survey Statistics: Workers Spend Too Much Time Searching for Information,\u201d April\u200818 (https:\/\/www.bwd-it.com\/various-survey-statistics-workers-spend-too-much-time-searching-for-information\/; accessed November 20, 2019)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b19-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04505.x","article-title":"Experimental Game Theory and behavior genetics","volume":"1167","author":"Cesarini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b20-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.127.3.1550-1557.1976","article-title":"Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase from the Extreme Thermophile Thermus Aquaticus","volume":"127","author":"Chien","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b21-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Chriss\n            \n          . 2014. \u201cHow Do Americans Use Technology in the Workplace,\u201d RealityMine (https:\/\/www.realitymine.com\/how-doamericans-use-technology-in-the-workplace\/; accessed November 12, 2019)."},{"issue":"11","key":"2025082211205995300_b22-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","first-page":"1634.","article-title":"Association of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Alpha-4 Polymorphisms with Smoking Behaviors in Chinese Male Smokers","volume":"124","author":"Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Medical Journal-Beijing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b23-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2307\/249688","article-title":"Computer Self-Efficacy: Development of a Measure and Initial Test","volume":"19","author":"Compeau","year":"1995","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b24-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(87)90031-8","article-title":"Predecisional Information Acquisition: Effects of Task Variables on Suboptimal Search Strategies","volume":"39","author":"Connolly","year":"1987","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b25-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Cottrill Research\n          . 2013. \u201cVarious Survey Statistics: Workers Spend Too Much Time Searching for Information,\u201d November\u20088 (https:\/\/www.cottrillresearch.com\/various-survey-statistics-workers-spend-too-much-time-searching-for-information\/; accessed November 12, 2019)."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b26-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2307\/249039","article-title":"Effect of Cultural Differences on Motivation of Analysts and Programmers: Singapore vs. the United States","volume":"10","author":"Couger","year":"1986","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b27-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s11146-012-9373-0","article-title":"Genetics, Homeownership, and Home Location Choice","volume":"48","author":"Cronqvist","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b28-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1086\/679284","article-title":"The Origins of Savings Behavior","volume":"123","author":"Cronqvist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b29-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2307\/249077","article-title":"Chauffeured Versus End User Access to Commerical Databases: The Effects of Task and Individual Differences","volume":"7","author":"Culnan","year":"1983","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b30-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)08268-0","volume-title":"The Action of Certain Esters and Ethers of Choline and Their Relation to Muscarine","author":"Dale","year":"1914"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b31-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Principles: Life and Work","author":"Dalio","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b32-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2015.07.001","article-title":"Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Structure and Function and Response to Nicotine","volume":"124","author":"Dani","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Review of Neurobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b33-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1147\/sj.211.0004","article-title":"Strategies for Information Requirements Determination","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"1982","journal-title":"IBM Systems Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b34-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A Cognitive\u2013Behavioral Model of Pathological Internet Use","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b35-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.06.060","article-title":"Leveraging the Cortical Cholinergic System to Enhance Attention","volume":"64","author":"Demeter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b36-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.07.038","article-title":"Genetic and Environmental Influences on Problematic Internet Use: A Twin Study","volume":"39","author":"Deryakulu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b37-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Di Noi, D.\n          \u20082018. \u201cDo Workers Still Waste Time Searching for Information?,\u201d Xenit Blog, May\u200822 (https:\/\/blog.xenit.eu\/blog\/do-workers-still-waste-time-searching-for-information; accessed November 12, 2019)."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082211205995300_b38-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.23.9.913","article-title":"Research in Management Information Systems: The Minnesota Experiments","volume":"23","author":"Dickson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b39-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.2307\/41703475","article-title":"On the Use of Neurophysiological Tools in IS Research: Developing a Research Agenda for NeuroIS","volume":"36","author":"Dimoka","year":"2012","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b40-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1100.0284","article-title":"NeuroIS: The Potential of Cognitive Neuroscience for Information Systems Research","volume":"22","author":"Dimoka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b41-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Doffman, Z.\n          \u20082019. \u201cRussia Will Genetically Test Soldiers to Identify the Best Fighters and Thinkers,\u201d Forbes, June\u20088 (https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/zakdoffman\/2019\/06\/08\/russias-new-genetic-military-passports-will-sort-the-fighters-from-the-thinkers\/#656b6b782a6e; accessed November 12, 2019)."},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b42-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.005","article-title":"A Cognitive\u2013Behavioral Model of Internet Gaming Disorder: Theoretical Underpinnings and Clinical Implications","volume":"58","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b43-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(77)90023-5","article-title":"Eating Styles of Obese and Nonobese Black and White Children in a Naturalistic Setting","volume":"2","author":"Drabman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b44-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0204-1","article-title":"The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha 4 Subunit Contains a Functionally Relevant SNP Haplotype","volume":"16","author":"Eggert","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genetics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025082211205995300_b45-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14407","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014407","article-title":"Nicotinic Receptor Gene CHRNA4 Interacts with Processing Load in Attention","volume":"5","author":"Espeseth","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b46-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1086\/422194","article-title":"A Common Haplotype of the Nicotine Acetylcholine Receptor \u03b14 Subunit Gene Is Associated with Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction in Men","volume":"75","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"The American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b47-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-016-9819-x","article-title":"Genetic and Genomic Response to Selection for Food Consumption in Drosophila Melanogaster","volume":"47","author":"Garlapow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b48-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076522","article-title":"Relationship between Eating Rates and Obesity","volume":"43","author":"Gaul","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b49-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2307\/249720","article-title":"Gender Differences in the Perception and Use of E-Mail: An Extension to the Technology Acceptance Model","volume":"21","author":"Gefen","year":"1997","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b50-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1120.0453","article-title":"How Is the Mobile Internet Different? Search Costs and Local Activities","volume":"24","author":"Ghose","year":"2012","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b51-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.061","article-title":"Genetic Variation in Nicotinic Receptors Affects Brain Networks Involved in Reorienting Attention","volume":"59","author":"Gie\u00dfing","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b52-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.02.010","article-title":"A Cognitive Phenotype for a Polymorphism in the Nicotinic Receptor Gene CHRNA4","volume":"36","author":"Greenwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"7492","key":"2025082211205995300_b53-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/507294a","article-title":"The $1,000 Genome","volume":"507","author":"Hayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b54-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1984.6313272","article-title":"Measures of Human Problem Solving Performance in Fault Diagnosis Tasks","volume":"14","author":"Henneman","year":"1984","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b55-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1090.0262","article-title":"Timing of Adaptive Web Personalization and its Effects on Online Consumer Behavior","volume":"22","author":"Ho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b56-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.2004.11045812","article-title":"The Effects of Information Format and Shopping Task on Consumers\u2019 Online Shopping Behavior: A Cognitive Fit Perspective","volume":"21","author":"Hong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Management Information Systems"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b57-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.35.3.285","article-title":"The Effect of Task Demands and Graphical Format on Information Processing Strategies","volume":"35","author":"Jarvenpaa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025082211205995300_b58-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0188358","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188358","article-title":"The Association Between the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor \u03b14 Subunit Gene (CHRNA4) rs1044396 and Internet Gaming Disorder in Korean Male Adults","volume":"12","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b59-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"The Information Diet: A Case for Conscious Consumption","author":"Johnson","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5811","key":"2025082211205995300_b60-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135308","article-title":"A Silent Polymorphism in the MDR1 Gene Changes Substrate Specificity","volume":"315","author":"Kimchi-Sarfaty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b61-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.10.004","article-title":"The Characteristics of Decision Making, Potential to Take Risks, and Personality of College Students with Internet Addiction","volume":"175","author":"Ko","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b62-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0146","article-title":"Marketspace or marketplace? Online Information Search and Channel Outcomes in Auto Retailing","volume":"19","author":"Kuruzovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b63-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087141","article-title":"Massive Withdrawal Symptoms and Affective Vulnerability Are Associated with Variants of the CHRNA4 Gene in a Subgroup of Smokers","volume":"9","author":"Lazary","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b64-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1108\/IMDS-09-2013-0365","article-title":"Emotions and ERP Information Sourcing: The Moderating Role of Expertise","volume":"114","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Industrial Management & Data Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082211205995300_b65-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00376","article-title":"Precision Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Application of Eye Fixation-Related Potentials to Information Systems Research","volume":"15","author":"L\u00e9ger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b66-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2014.32","article-title":"A Twin Study of Problematic Internet Use: Its Heritability and Genetic Association with Effortful Control","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082211205995300_b67-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131820","article-title":"Association of Oxytocin Receptor Gene(OXTR) rs53576 Polymorphism with Sociality: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b68-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2011.03.009","article-title":"Evaluating the Effects of Task\u2013Individual\u2013Technology Fit in Multi-DSS Models Context: A Two-Phase View","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Decision Support Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b69-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.007","article-title":"Personality and Cognitive Style as Predictors of Preference for Working in Virtual Teams","volume":"29","author":"Luse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082211205995300_b70-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.25.8.787","article-title":"The Effect of Cognitive Style and Report Format on Task Performance: The MIS Design Consequences","volume":"25","author":"Lusk","year":"1979","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b71-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021784","article-title":"The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene CHRNA4 Is Associated with Negative Emotionality","volume":"11","author":"Markett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b72-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.08.059","article-title":"The Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene DRD2 and the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene CHRNA4 Interact on Striatal Gray Matter Volume: Evidence from a Genetic Imaging Study","volume":"64","author":"Markett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082211205995300_b73-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.19.5.475","article-title":"A Program for Research on Management Information Systems","volume":"19","author":"Mason","year":"1973","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b74-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2307\/25148821","article-title":"Dispositional Factors in Internet Use: Personality Versus Cognitive Style","volume":"31","author":"McElroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082211205995300_b75-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.15.1.97","article-title":"The Heritability and Genetic Correlates of Mobile Phone Use: A Twin Study of Consumer Behavior","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Twin Research and Human Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b76-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31825ba7e7","article-title":"The Role of the CHRNA4 Gene in Internet Addiction: A Case-Control Study","volume":"6","author":"Montag","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b77-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9","volume-title":"Internet Addiction","author":"Montag","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b78-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Dancing Naked in the Mind Field","author":"Mullins","year":"1998"},{"issue":"5807","key":"2025082211205995300_b79-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1131262","article-title":"Human Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Haplotypes Modulate Protein Expression by Altering mRNA Secondary Structure","volume":"314","author":"Nackley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b80-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Affective Neuroscience: The Foundations of Human and Animal Emotions","author":"Panksepp","year":"2004"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b81-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195173321.001.0001","volume-title":"Information Foraging Theory: Adaptive Interaction with Information","author":"Pirolli","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b82-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.106.4.643","article-title":"Information Foraging","volume":"106","author":"Pirolli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b83-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Blueprint: How DNA Makes Us Who We Are","author":"Plomin","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b84-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","first-page":"C1","article-title":"Our Fortunetelling Genes","author":"Plomin","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b85-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","article-title":"On the Foundations of NeuroIS: Reflections on the Gmunden Retreat 2009","volume":"27","author":"Riedl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Communications of the AIS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b86-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2307\/20721434","article-title":"Are There Neural Gender Differences in Online Trust? An fMRI Study on the Perceived Trustworthiness of eBay Offers","volume":"34","author":"Riedl","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b87-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45091-8","volume-title":"Fundamentals of NeuroIS","author":"Riedl","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b88-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Genes and Behavior: Nature\u2013Nurture Interplay Explained","author":"Rutter","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b89-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.01.041","article-title":"Individual Response Speed Is Modulated by Variants of the Gene Encoding the Alpha 4 Sub-unit of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (CHRNA4)","volume":"284","author":"Schneider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b90-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1205","article-title":"Sounds of Silence: Synonymous Nucleotides as a Key to Biological Regulation and Complexity","volume":"41","author":"Shabalina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b91-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/13978-000","volume-title":"The New Science of Management Decision","author":"Simon","year":"1960"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b92-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"The Sciences of the Artificial","author":"Simon","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b93-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2775-17.2017","article-title":"Cognitive Control, the Anterior Cingulate, and Nicotinic Receptors: A Case of Heterozygote Advantage","volume":"38","author":"Smucny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6043","key":"2025082211205995300_b94-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1207745","article-title":"Google Effects on Memory: Cognitive Consequences of Having Information at Our Fingertips","volume":"33","author":"Sparrow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b95-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","volume-title":"Foraging Theory","author":"Stephens","year":"1986"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b96-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2307\/4132314","article-title":"An Empirical Examination of Individual Traits as Antecedents to Computer Anxiety and Computer Self-Efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Thatcher","year":"2002","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b97-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-5819(02)91024-4","article-title":"Understanding User Acceptance of Digital Libraries: What Are the Roles of Interface Characteristics, Organizational Context, and Individual Differences?","volume":"57","author":"Thong","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082211205995300_b98-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.2307\/249534","article-title":"The Use of Information in Decision Making: An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Computer-Based Decision Aids","volume":"16","author":"Todd","year":"1992","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b99-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3771","article-title":"Widespread Sex Differences in Gene Expression and Splicing in the Adult Human Brain","volume":"4","author":"Trabzuni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b100-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2011.00741.x","article-title":"Association of CHRNA4 Polymorphism with Depression and Loneliness in Elderly Males","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes, Brain and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b101-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.2307\/41409972","article-title":"Integrating Technology Addiction and Use: An Empirical Investigation of Online Auction Users","volume":"35","author":"Turel","year":"2011","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082211205995300_b102-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12218","article-title":"Heritability of Compulsive Internet Use in Adolescents","volume":"21","author":"Vink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addiction Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082211205995300_b103-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2018\/14419","article-title":"Neural Correlates of Multidimensional Visualizations: An fMRI Comparison of Bubble and Three-Dimensional Surface Graphs Using Evolutionary Theory","volume":"42","author":"Walden","year":"2018","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b104-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2016.00274","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Self-Reported Questionnaire for Measuring Internet Search Dependence","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025082211205995300_b105-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm168","article-title":"Association of Attentional Network Function with Exon 5 Variations of the CHRNA4 Gene","volume":"16","author":"Winterer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b106-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Yadava, S.\n          \u20082016. \u201cOur Dopamine-Driven Brains Are Turning Us into Internet Search Fiends,\u201d Quartz, May\u200813 (https:\/\/qz.com\/683208\/fallen-down-an-internet-rabbit-hole-recently-blame-your-dopamine-driven-brain\/)."},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b107-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","unstructured":"Yoffe, E.\n          \u20082009. \u201cSeeking,\u201d Slate, August\u200812 (https:\/\/slate.com\/technology\/2009\/08\/the-powerful-and-mysterious-brain-circuitry-that-makes-us-love-google-twitter-and-texting.html)."},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b108-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","first-page":"19","article-title":"Internet Addiction: Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment","volume-title":"Innovations in Clinical Practice: A Source Book","author":"Young","year":"1999"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b109-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10879-009-9120-x","article-title":"Internet Addiction: Diagnosis and Treatment Consideration","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b110-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9_1","article-title":"The Evolution of Internet Addiction Disorder","volume-title":"Internet Addiction","author":"Young","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025082211205995300_b111-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.008","article-title":"The Influence of Individual Differences on Consumer\u2019s Selection of Online Sources for Health Information","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082211205995300_b112-09_14718_ra_brownewalden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.25.10.966","article-title":"Individual Differences and MIS Success: A Review of the Empirical Literature","volume":"25","author":"Zmud","year":"1979","journal-title":"Management Science"}],"container-title":["MIS Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article-pdf\/44\/2\/747\/2012\/09_14718_ra_brownewalden.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article-pdf\/44\/2\/747\/2012\/09_14718_ra_brownewalden.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:21:17Z","timestamp":1755876077000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article\/44\/2\/747\/454\/Is-There-a-Genetic-Basis-for-Information-Search"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"references-count":112,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25300\/misq\/2020\/14718","relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-7783","2162-9730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-9730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]}}}