{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:13:06Z","timestamp":1776838386930,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MIS Quarterly","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Technology-augmented choice-making impacts many facets of business. The use of economic incentives under the ubiquitous mobile ecosystem for prosocial behavior has been shown to be particularly effective. We build on the previous work on this topic and study how mobile-based economic incentives and environments influence charitable giving behavior. In contrast to traditional fund-raising, we consider the use of mobile devices to generate giving in small denominations, which we term microgiving. In collaboration with a US-based mobile app provider, we incorporated a functionality that allowed users to contribute their in-app reward points to charity. To encourage donations, we used economic incentives in the form of monetary subsidies, i.e., rebates or matching grants, as well as digital nudges in the form of push notifications. We studied the effects of these factors on giving behavior across two large-scale field experiments. Focusing on the different aspects of smartphones that could differentially impact charitable giving behavior\u2014namely the intensely private and personal nature of smartphones\u2014we examined how the visibility of donation decisions affects giving behavior by toggling audience effects. Our results show that the effectiveness of incentives is contingent upon the magnitude of the incentive as well as the extent to which individual decisions are visible to others. To situate our results in relation to the traditional medium of charitable giving, we propose an analytical model that internalizes the subsidy rates and the audience effect. This study provides initial empirical evidence and an analytical model to advance technology-augmented charitable giving that can provide insights to organizations and service providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2022\/16643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T17:14:55Z","timestamp":1696007695000},"page":"1101-1146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nudging Private Ryan: Mobile Microgiving under Economic Incentives and Audience Effects"],"prefix":"10.25300","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Dongwon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HKUST Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon, Hong Kong"}]},{"given":"Anandasivam","family":"Gopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Dokyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Questrom School of Business, Boston University Boston, MA, U.S.A."}]},{"given":"Dongwook","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKUST Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon, Hong Kong"}]}],"member":"10933","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b1-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3054926","article-title":"Nudges for privacy and security: Understanding and assisting users\u2019 choices online","volume":"50","author":"Acquisti","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b2-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2013.10.030","article-title":"Gender-and frame-specific audience effects in dictator games","volume":"122","author":"Alevy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Economics Letters"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b3-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","volume-title":"Foundations of information integration theory","author":"Anderson","year":"1981"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b4-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2727(88)90061-8","article-title":"Privately provided public goods in a large economy: The limits of altruism","volume":"35","author":"Andreoni","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b5-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1086\/261662","article-title":"Giving with impure altruism: Applications to charity and Ricardian equivalence","volume":"97","author":"Andreoni","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"issue":"401","key":"2025082212321679300_b6-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2307\/2234133","article-title":"Impure altruism and donations to public goods: A theory of warm-glow giving","volume":"100","author":"Andreoni","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b7-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA7384","article-title":"Social image and the 50-50 norm: A theoretical and experimental analysis of audience effects","volume":"77","author":"Andreoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b8-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53759-1.00001-7","article-title":"Charitable Giving","volume-title":"Handbook of public economics","author":"Andreoni","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b9-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1509\/jm.14.0003","article-title":"Cause marketing effectiveness and the moderating role of price discounts","volume":"78","author":"Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b10-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2015.0905","article-title":"Mobile ad effectiveness: Hyper-contextual targeting with crowdedness","volume":"35","author":"Andrews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b11-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.13.0432","article-title":"Contingent match incentives increase donations","volume":"51","author":"Anik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b12-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.99.1.544","article-title":"Doing good or doing well? Image motivation and monetary incentives in behaving prosocially","volume":"99","author":"Ariely","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b13-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.4.1069","article-title":"Individual preferences, monetary gambles, and stock market participation: A case for narrow framing","volume":"96","author":"Barberis","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b14-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.5.1652","article-title":"Incentives and prosocial behavior","volume":"96","author":"B\u00e9nabou","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082212321679300_b15-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797617702501","article-title":"Should governments invest more in nudging?","volume":"28","author":"Benartzi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"6124","key":"2025082212321679300_b16-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1231320","article-title":"Behavioral economics and the retirement savings crisis","volume":"339","author":"Benartzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b17-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03205834","article-title":"Using contextual effects to derive psychophysical scales","volume":"15","author":"Birnbaum","year":"1974","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b18-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mps038","article-title":"Reasoning about interference between units: A general framework","volume":"21","author":"Bowers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Political Analysis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082212321679300_b19-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2014.0546","article-title":"Interface psychology: Touchscreens change attribute importance, decision criteria, and behavior in online choice","volume":"18","author":"Brasel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b20-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/0261436052000330447","article-title":"No dead air! The iPod and the culture of mobile listening","volume":"24","author":"Bull","year":"2005","journal-title":"Leisure Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b21-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2007.00080.x","article-title":"Social implications of mobile telephony: The rise of personal communication society","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociology Compass"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b22-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.3.39","article-title":"The role of theory in field experiments","volume":"25","author":"Card","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b23-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616921114","article-title":"Demotivating incentives and motivation crowding out in charitable giving","author":"Chao","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b24-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12109","article-title":"The extended Iself: The impact of iphone separation on cognition, emotion, and physiology","volume":"20","author":"Clayton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b25-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2016.04.013","article-title":"Now or never! The effect of deadlines on charitable giving: evidence from two natural field experiments","volume":"66","author":"Damgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b26-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1017\/S1930297500000310","article-title":"Rebate subsidies, matching subsidies and isolation effects","volume":"1","author":"Davis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Judgment and Decision Making"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b27-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-005-0867-y","article-title":"Subsidy schemes and charitable contributions: A closer look","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b28-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.286","article-title":"On the privacy-conscientious use of mobile phone data","volume":"5","author":"de Montjoye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b29-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.12.005","article-title":"Understanding and misunderstanding randomized controlled trials","volume":"210","author":"Deaton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b30-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjr050","article-title":"Testing for altruism and social pressure in charitable giving","volume":"127","author":"DellaVigna","year":"2012","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b31-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-021-09732-9","article-title":"Subsidizing unit donations: matches, rebates, and discounts compared","author":"Diederich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b32-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2016.1012","article-title":"Self-signaling and prosocial behavior: A cause marketing experiment","volume":"36","author":"Dub\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b33-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/121.4.1311","article-title":"Saving incentives for low-and middle-income families: evidence from a field experiment with H&R Block","volume":"121","author":"Duflo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b34-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(01)00094-9","article-title":"Rebate versus matching: does how we subsidize charitable contributions matter?","volume":"87","author":"Eckel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b35-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-008-9198-0","article-title":"Subsidizing charitable contributions: A natural field experiment comparing matching and rebate subsidies","volume":"11","author":"Eckel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b36-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2016.04.016","article-title":"Comparing rebate and matching subsidies controlling for donors\u2019 awareness: Evidence from the field","volume":"66","author":"Eckel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b37-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-011-9312-6","article-title":"Do watching eyes affect charitable giving? Evidence from a field experiment","volume":"15","author":"Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b38-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.98.3.990","article-title":"Pride and prejudice: The human side of incentive theory","volume":"98","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b39-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1111\/joes.12337","article-title":"Matching subsidies and voluntary contributions: A review","volume":"33","author":"Epperson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Surveys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b40-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-013-9363-y","article-title":"Effect of an audience in public goods provision","volume":"17","author":"Filiz-Ozbay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b41-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.05.029","article-title":"My virtual friend: A qualitative analysis of the attitudes and experiences of smartphone users: Implications for smartphone attachment","volume":"75","author":"Fullwood","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b42-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2017.11.002","article-title":"Do beliefs about peers matter for donation matching? Experiments in the field and laboratory","volume":"107","author":"Gee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b43-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262036276.001.0001","volume-title":"Tap: Unlocking the mobile economy","author":"Ghose","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b44-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1120.0453","article-title":"How is the mobile internet different? Search costs and local activities","volume":"24","author":"Ghose","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b45-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intmar.2016.03.003","article-title":"Mobile advertising: A framework and research agenda","volume":"34","author":"Grewal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Interactive Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b46-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucz039","article-title":"Good vibrations: Consumer responses to technology-mediated haptic feedback","volume":"47","author":"Hadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b47-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002","article-title":"Nobody\u2019s watching?: Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game","volume":"26","author":"Haley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution and Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b48-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2727(97)00062-5","article-title":"What do donations buy? A model of philanthropy based on prestige and warm glow","volume":"67","author":"Harbaugh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b49-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1257\/0022051043004577","article-title":"Field experiments","volume":"42","author":"Harrison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082212321679300_b50-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014524608","article-title":"The emergence of portable private-personal territory: Smartphones, social conduct and public spaces","volume":"53","author":"Hatuka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urban Studies"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b51-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Digital nudging for online social sharing: Evidence from a randomized field experiment","author":"Huang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2025082212321679300_b52-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.10.005","article-title":"Matched fundraising: Evidence from a natural field experiment","volume":"95","author":"Huck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b53-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20120312","article-title":"Comparing charitable fundraising schemes: Evidence from a natural field experiment and a structural model","volume":"7","author":"Huck","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"issue":"482","key":"2025082212321679300_b54-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1198\/016214508000000292","article-title":"Toward causal inference with interference","volume":"103","author":"Hudgens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b55-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1093\/oxrep\/gru032","article-title":"Increasing charitable giving in the developed world","volume":"30","author":"Jasper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxford Review of Economic Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082212321679300_b56-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2013.1837","article-title":"Wallflowers: experimental evidence of an aversion to standing out","volume":"60","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b57-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2307\/1914185","article-title":"Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk","volume":"47","author":"Kahneman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b58-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.97.5.1774","article-title":"Does price matter in charitable giving? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment","volume":"97","author":"Karlan","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b59-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.11.024","article-title":"Small matches and charitable giving: Evidence from a natural field experiment","volume":"95","author":"Karlan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b60-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2014.06.013","article-title":"Hey look at me: The effect of giving circles on giving","volume":"106","author":"Karlan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b61-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12116","article-title":"Emerging from the cocoon? Revisiting the tele-cocooning hypothesis in the smartphone era","volume":"20","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082212321679300_b62-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137585","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137585","article-title":"Can text messages increase empathy and prosocial behavior? The development and initial validation of text to connect","volume":"10","author":"Konrath","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b63-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2020.0922","article-title":"Different but equal? A field experiment on the impact of recommendation systems on mobile and personal computer channels in retail","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b64-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","unstructured":"Lembcke, T.-B., Engelbrecht, N., Brendel, A. B., & Kolbe, L. (2019). To nudge or not to nudge: Ethical considerations of digital nudging based on its behavioral economics roots. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2019_rp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b65-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003055420000787","article-title":"Fundraising for stigmatized groups: A text message donation experiment","volume":"115","author":"Linos","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Political Science Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b66-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-008-9201-9","article-title":"Introduction to field experiments in economics with applications to the economics of charity","volume":"11","author":"List","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b67-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.25.2.157","article-title":"The market for charitable giving","volume":"25","author":"List","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b68-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","unstructured":"MacLaughlin, S., Duff, E., Granger, B., Perrotti, E., Thompson, A., Torres, G., & Vellake, A. (2020). Charitable giving report: Using 2019 data to transform your strategy. Blackbaud Institute. https:\/\/institute.blackbaud.com\/asset\/2019-charitable-giving-report\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b69-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1162\/JEEA.2007.5.6.1203","article-title":"Do subsidies increase charitable giving in the long run? Matching donations in a field experiment","volume":"5","author":"Meier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the European Economic Association"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b70-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s40547-020-00107-4","article-title":"Technology-augmented choice: How digital innovations are transforming consumer decision processes","volume":"7","author":"Melumad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Customer Needs and Solutions"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b71-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/0022242920912732","article-title":"Full disclosure: how smartphones enhance consumer self-disclosure","volume":"84","author":"Melumad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b72-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/jcr\/ucaa005","article-title":"The smartphone as a pacifying technology","volume":"47","author":"Melumad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b73-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.04617","article-title":"Status quo, critical reflection, and the road ahead of digital nudging in information systems research: A discussion with Markus Weinmann and Alexey Voinov","volume":"46","author":"Meske","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b74-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","unstructured":"Meske, C., & Potthoff, T. (2017). The Dinu-model: A process model for the design of nudges. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems. https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/ecis2017_rip\/11"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b75-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","unstructured":"Mirsch, T., Lehrer, C., & Jung, R. (2017). Digital nudging: Altering user behavior in digital environments. Proceedings der 13. Internationalen Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (pp. 634-648). https:\/\/www.alexandria.unisg.ch\/publications\/250315"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"2025082212321679300_b76-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2010.06.018","article-title":"Warm glow, information, and inefficient charitable giving","volume":"95","author":"Null","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Public Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b77-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/2050157918808327","article-title":"Smartphone and self-extension: Functionally, anthropomorphically, and ontologically extending self via the smartphone","volume":"7","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mobile Media & Communication"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b78-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070141","article-title":"Prosocial behavior: Multilevel perspectives","volume":"56","author":"Penner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b79-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","unstructured":"Perrin, A.\n           (2017). 10 facts about smartphones as the iPhone turns 10. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2017\/06\/28\/10-facts-about-smartphones\/"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b80-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3290607.3312876","article-title":"Functional digital nudges: Identifying optimal timing for effective behavior change","author":"Purohit","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b81-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2018.1115","article-title":"Creation and consumption of mobile word of mouth: how are mobile reviews different?","volume":"38","author":"Ransbotham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b82-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1111\/ecin.12742","article-title":"Round giving: A field experiment on suggested donation amounts in public-television fundraising","volume":"57","author":"Reiley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Economic Inquiry"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b83-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5941","DOI":"10.1145\/3025453.3025960","article-title":"Money, God, and SMS: Explorations in supporting social action through a Bangladeshi mosque","author":"Rifat","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b84-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-007-9190-0","article-title":"Matching and challenge gifts to charity: Evidence from laboratory and natural field experiments","volume":"11","author":"Rondeau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Experimental Economics"},{"issue":"477","key":"2025082212321679300_b85-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000001112","article-title":"Interference between units in randomized experiments","volume":"102","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"371","key":"2025082212321679300_b86-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2307\/2287653","article-title":"Randomization analysis of experimental data: The Fisher randomization test comment","volume":"75","author":"Rubin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b87-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.1.1.204","article-title":"Details matter: The impact of presentation and information on the take-up of financial incentives for retirement saving","volume":"1","author":"Saez","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Economic Journal: Economic Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082212321679300_b88-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1145\/3213765","article-title":"Digital nudging: Guiding online user choices through interface design","volume":"61","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082212321679300_b89-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1509\/jmr.14.0563","article-title":"Computer interfaces and the \u201cdirect-touch\u201d effect: Can iPads increase the choice of hedonic food?","volume":"53","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b90-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2012.00592.x","article-title":"Detecting spillover effects: Design and analysis of multilevel experiments","volume":"56","author":"Sinclair","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"476","key":"2025082212321679300_b91-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1198\/016214506000000636","article-title":"What do randomized studies of housing mobility demonstrate? Causal inference in the face of interference","volume":"101","author":"Sobel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b92-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Personal space","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of human relationships","author":"Sommer","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b93-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1287\/mksc.2016.0989","article-title":"Do sympathy biases induce charitable giving? The effects of advertising content","volume":"35","author":"Sudhir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Marketing Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b94-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2018.3069","article-title":"Mobile messaging for offline group formation in prosocial activities: A large field experiment","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b95-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2016.05.001","article-title":"Solving shortage in a priceless market: Insights from blood donation","volume":"48","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212321679300_b96-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10603-014-9273-1","article-title":"Nudging: A very short guide","volume":"37","author":"Sunstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Policy"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b97-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","volume-title":"Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness","author":"Thaler","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b98-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","first-page":"51","article-title":"Charitable contributions in a voluntary compliance income tax system: Itemized deductions versus matching subsidies","author":"Turk","year":"2007","journal-title":"The IRS Research Bulletin: Proceedings of the 2007 IRS Research Conference"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b99-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2307\/1251450","article-title":"Cause-related marketing: A coalignment of marketing strategy and corporate philanthropy","volume":"52","author":"Varadarajan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b100-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","first-page":"91","article-title":"Using experimental methods to understand why and how we give to charity","volume-title":"Handbook of experimental economics","author":"Vesterlund","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b101-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.2017.0741","article-title":"Socially nudged: A quasi-experimental study of friends\u2019 social influence in online product ratings","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b102-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1086\/691462","article-title":"Brain drain: The mere presence of one\u2019s own smartphone reduces available cognitive capacity","volume":"2","author":"Ward","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Consumer Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212321679300_b103-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.22.3.634","article-title":"A constructive-associative model of contextual dependence of unidimensional similarity","volume":"22","author":"Wedell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082212321679300_b104-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-016-0453-1","article-title":"Digital nudging","volume":"58","author":"Weinmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b105-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","volume-title":"The politics of market reform in fragile democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela","author":"Weyland","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212321679300_b106-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp0401_2","article-title":"Diffusion of responsibility in charitable donations","volume":"4","author":"Wiesenthal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b107-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","volume-title":"Econometric Analysis of cross section and panel data","author":"Wooldridge","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025082212321679300_b108-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3270523","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mobile payment adoption: An empirical investigation on Alipay"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212321679300_b109-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjy029","article-title":"Channeling Fisher: Randomization tests and the statistical insignificance of seemingly significant experimental results","volume":"134","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"issue":"3681","key":"2025082212321679300_b110-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3681.269","article-title":"Social facilitation: A solution is suggested for an old unresolved social psychological problem","volume":"149","author":"Zajonc","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["MIS Quarterly"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article-pdf\/47\/3\/1101\/9183\/07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article-pdf\/47\/3\/1101\/9183\/07_ra_10_25300_misq_2022_16643.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T16:32:26Z","timestamp":1755880346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/misq.umn.edu\/misq\/article\/47\/3\/1101\/2260\/Nudging-Private-Ryan-Mobile-Microgiving-under"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25300\/misq\/2022\/16643","relation":{},"ISSN":["0276-7783","2162-9730"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0276-7783","type":"print"},{"value":"2162-9730","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}