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We borrow the concept of modulation from audio synthesis to explain how a preexisting signal\u2014in our case, the ongoing community discourse\u2014is modulated to produce varying sounds\u2014in our case, the novelty and complexity of the software. The concept of modulation offers a lens to understand how emergent, community-wide development activities are influenced by filtering discursive positions and mixing those positions, thereby shaping the artifact\u2019s novelty and complexity. Our research shows that the modulation of novelty exhibits a range from \u201cproximal\u201d to \u201cdistal\u201d searches for new features, while the modulation of complexity varies between \u201cintegration\u201d and \u201cdeprecation.\u201d By drawing on these concepts, we formulate a theory that explains how modulation results in alternative OSS community approaches to shaping software novelty and complexity and how this process reflects and is reflected in the resulting software artifact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2023\/16872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T15:56:38Z","timestamp":1723046198000},"page":"1395-1422","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Discursive Modulation in Open Source Software: How Online Communities Shape Novelty and Complexity"],"prefix":"10.25300","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Aron","family":"Lindberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Berente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Howison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalle","family":"Lyytinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH U.S.A."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10933","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212350561600_b1-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2010.0146","article-title":"Crowdsourcing as a solution to distant search","volume":"37","author":"Afuah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082212350561600_b2-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.2307\/25148845","article-title":"Outsourcing to an unknown workforce: Exploring opensourcing as a global sourcing strategy","volume":"32","author":"Agerfalk","year":"2008","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082212350561600_b3-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2004.01.001","article-title":"Strategies for global information systems development","volume":"42","author":"Akmanligil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Information & Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212350561600_b4-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2020\/15379","article-title":"The evolutionary trajectories of peer-produced artifacts: Group composition, the trajectories\u2019 exploration, and the quality of artifacts","volume":"44","author":"Arazy","year":"2020","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"2025082212350561600_b5-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","volume-title":"The nature of technology\u2014What it is and how it evolves","author":"Arthur","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025082212350561600_b6-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2366.001.0001","volume-title":"Design rules: The power of modularity","author":"Baldwin","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082212350561600_b7-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.11.3.219.12209","article-title":"The moderating effects of structure on volatility and complexity in software enhancement","volume":"11","author":"Banker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Information Systems Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025082212350561600_b8-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1145\/163359.163375","article-title":"Software complexity and maintenance costs","volume":"36","author":"Banker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082212350561600_b9-04_ra_10.25300_misq_2023_16872","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2022.3222119","article-title":"How much does software complexity matter for maintenance productivity? 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