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Brain state switching was also more likely at the beginning of a task following a long delay than following a short delay. The default-mode network (brain regions associated with inattention) was more active during long delays than when users were engaged in the task. Furthermore, long delays were significantly related to worsened performance as measured in decision time in the task following a delay. This effect was mediated by brain state switching at the beginning of the task after the delay. We also attempted four different system design interventions to overcome this and found partial mitigation, but none eliminated the negative effect of delays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2023\/17680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T16:59:37Z","timestamp":1715619577000},"page":"273-298","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Delays in Information Presentation Lead to Brain State Switching, Which Degrades User Performance, and There May Not Be Much We Can Do about It"],"prefix":"10.25300","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, Sam M. 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