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Through this analysis, we identified five distinct paths that converged into two primary community configurations: close-knit and scattered communities. Each configuration exhibits unique affordances whose activation fosters incivility in different ways. Based on these findings, we expand the understanding of incivility to include subtle, indirect behaviors beyond overt forms such as trolling or hate speech and show how the interplay of multiple community elements produces affordances, avoiding the narrow view of individual affordances and shedding light on variations of social systems. Finally, we demonstrate that within the same digital platform, different social systems can impact user behaviors, including incivility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25300\/misq\/2024\/18788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1727887541000},"page":"581-610","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Defending Your Own or Trolling the Haters: A Configurational Approach to Incivility in Online Communities"],"prefix":"10.25300","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Marie Madeleine","family":"Meurer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Business & Society Management Department, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Media, Management and Transformation Centre (MMTC), J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"van Gils","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway"}]}],"member":"10933","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025090212070131800_b1-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2024_18788","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00721","article-title":"Inventing Together: The Role of Actor Goals and Platform Affordances in Open Innovation","volume":"23","author":"Abhari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Information Systems"},{"key":"2025090212070131800_b2-07_ra_10_25300_misq_2024_18788","first-page":"3033","article-title":"Are these comments triggering? 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