{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:41:49Z","timestamp":1769600509058,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Consilium Medicum","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594252800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Terapevticheskii arkhiv"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review devoted to the nephrotic syndrome (NS) subsequent thrombotic outcomes. The pathogenesis of hypercoagulation disorders that cause venous and arterial vascular system thrombosis are studied. Discussed procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms imbalance due to the anticoagulants natural urinal loss, affected by disfunction of the glomerular filter selective permeability, leading to high molecular weight liver-derived proteins (at least of the albumin size) leakage, fibrinolysis depression, excessive liver synthesis of plasma clotting cascade factors and platelet activation. Presented new data on the thrombogenesis at NS concerning the role of endothelial microparticles with high prothrombogenic activity that go from damaged glomerulus endothelial capillary cells into the systemic circulation, which can turn the local renal hypercoagulation (concomitant to the kidney immune inflammation process) into the generalized, working towards the thrombosis development. The most frequent adverse variants of arterial and venous thromboses are studied, specified their basic and general risk factors, as well as individual, varying in different patients. Indications and prophylactic anticoagulant therapy regimen and thrombosis treatment duration in patients with NS are discussed. It also stressed that the decision on time and method of anticoagulant therapy for a NS patients is still a challenge for healthcare providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2020.06.000667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T05:28:27Z","timestamp":1594358907000},"page":"105-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Thromboembolic complications in nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.26442","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6265-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa A.","family":"Bobrova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4275-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia L.","family":"Kozlovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18344","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"\u041d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0434. \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0415.\u041c. \u0428\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.: \u0413\u042d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0420-\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430, 2010 [Nefrologija. Pod. red. E.M. Shilova. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2010 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.716951"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"\u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d.\u041b., \u0411\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u0410. \u0422\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043d. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2012;1:4-9 [Kozlovskaya NL, Bobrova LA. Renal vein thrombosis. Clinical Nephrology. 2012;1:4-9 (In Russ.)]. https:\/\/lib.medvestnik.ru\/articles\/Tromboz-pochechnyh-ven.html"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-017-1491-0"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.183019"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Rayer P. Traite des maladies des reins et des alteret lens de la secretions urinaire. Baillieve. 1840;2:550-9."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/C2009-0-64563-3"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.05.021"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Cameron JS. Five hundred years of the nephrotic syndrome: 1484\u20131984. Ulster Med J. 1985;54(Suppl.):S5-S19. PMID: 3909583."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.12.001"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-014-1005-y"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mjt.0000000000000075"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.02.528"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2018.1562854"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"\u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d.\u041b. \u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2011;1:15-22 [Kozlovskaya NL. Low molecular weight heparins in nephrologists practice. Clinical Nephrology. 2011;1:15-22 (In Russ.)]. https:\/\/lib.medvestnik.ru\/articles\/Nizkomolekulyarnye-gepariny-v-praktike-nefrologa.html"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.01.070"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10131011"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.03.030"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(80)80006-4"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140121"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mph.0b013e3182134111"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Andrew M, Monagle P, Brooker L. Thromboembolic Complications During Infancy And Childhood. Hamilton, Ont. B.C. Decker; 2000."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-0768"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20996\/1819-6446-2008-4-3-6-16"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr.06.2009.1930"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(79)90082-3"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000064282"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.149"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1983.50"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116947"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"\u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d.\u041b., \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0422.\u042e., \u041c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u041d.\u0413., \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0430- \u043b\u043e\u0432 \u042e.\u0420. \u0422\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432. 2000;72(6):71-3 [Kozlovskaia NL, Medvede- va TIu, Miroshnichenko NG, Kamalov IuR. Renal vein thrombosis in membranous nephropathy (case report and review of literature). Therapeutic Archive. 2000;72(6):71-3 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comp PC, Doray D, Patton D, Esmon CT. An Abnormal Plasma Distribution of Protein S Occurs in Functional Protein S Deficiency. Vol 67; 1986. www.bloodjournal.org","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V67.2.504.504"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-006-0061-2"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1209459"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/asn.2008040364"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collet JP, Mishal Z, Lesty C, et al. Abnormal fibrin clot architecture in nephrotic patients is related to hypofibrinolysis: Influence of plasma biochemical modifications. A possible mechanism for the high thrombotic tendency? Thromb Haemost. 1999;82(5):1482-9.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614859"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.274"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2013.06.011"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/th11-09-0673"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.06.031"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1658-5127.198509"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960210713"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04250511"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Brater DC, Ellison DH. Mechanism of action of diuretics \u2013 UpToDate. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/mechanism-of-action-of-diuretics"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2015.12.041"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24920\/11809;"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.04.004"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000558"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104322"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.4.374"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(69)90110-x"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.292"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.915.27"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000188680"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.07.009"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.312"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-13-107"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.08.042"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.14140121"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2012.04.015"},{"key":"ref61","unstructured":"\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041e.\u0412., \u0414\u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0421.\u041b., \u041a\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u041d.\u041b. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432. 2012;84(1):41-7 [Blagova OV, Dzemeshkevich SL, Kozlovskaia NL, et al. Successful treatment of massive thrombosis of the vena cava inferior with nephrotic syndrome and chronic bilateral pulmonary artery thromboembolism in a patient with genetic thrombophilia. Therapeutic Archive. 2012;84(1):41-7 (In Russ.)]. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22616531"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2004.10.004"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161207780831310"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006111300"},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"H\u00e2rza M, Ismail G, Mitroi G, et al. Histological diagnosis and risk of renal vein thrombosis, and other thrombotic complications in primitive nephrotic syndrome. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2013;54(3):555-60. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24068403"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.11.1245"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh655"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.10.030"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-199105000-00020"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.149"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11791111"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-200003000-00001"},{"key":"ref73","unstructured":"\u0411\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041b.\u0410., \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0418.\u0418., \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0410.\u0418. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0431\u043e\u044d\u043c\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0412\u0422\u042d\u041e). \u0424\u043b\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2015;9(4-2):2-52 [Bokerija LA, Zatevahin II, Kirienko AI, et al. Rossijskie klinicheskie rekomendacii po diagnostike, lecheniju i profilaktike venoznyh trombojembolicheskih oslozhnenij (VTJeO). Associacija flebologov Rossii, Associacija serdechno-sosudistyh hirurgov Rossii, Vserossijskoe obshhestvo hirurgov, Rossijskoe nauchnoe obshhestvo terapevtov, Obshhestvo specialistov po neotlozhnoj kardiologii. Flebologija. 2015;9(4-2):2-52 (In Russ.)]. https:\/\/elibrary.ru\/item.asp?id=27718431"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1336-8"},{"key":"ref75","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan J. Hypercoagulability in nephrotic syndrome \u2013 UpToDate. https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/hypercoagulability-in-nephrotic-syndrome"},{"key":"ref76","unstructured":"\u0421\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u0412., \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0412.\u0410., \u0421\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412.\u0413. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445. \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2014;18(4):68-92 [Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Sipovskij VG, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the minimal change disease in adults. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2014;18(4):68-92 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.476"},{"key":"ref78","unstructured":"Lai S, Barbano B, Cianci R, et al. Rischio emorragico nell\u2019utilizzo di eparina a basso peso molecolare nel paziente nefropatico? [The risk of bleeding associated with low molecular weight heparin in patients with renal failure (Article in Italian)]. G Ital Nefrol. 2010;27(6):649-54."},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2016.01.019"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr476"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02586-6"}],"container-title":["Terapevticheskii arkhiv"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/viewFile\/35010\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/viewFile\/35010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T20:41:43Z","timestamp":1634157703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/view\/35010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26442\/00403660.2020.06.000667","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-5342","0040-3660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-5342","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0040-3660","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]]}}}