{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:04:36Z","timestamp":1769115876628,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Consilium Medicum","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]],"date-time":"2021-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610236800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Terapevticheskii arkhiv"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During a pandemic, nonspecific immunoprophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other acute respiratory infections (ARI), which can worsen the course of COVID-19, is increasingly in demand in addition to specific immunization. BCG vaccine appears to be one of the candidate immunostimulants in this regard. At the same time, other microbe-derived preparations capable of inducing a state of trained immunity deserve attention. BCG and other bacterial immunostimulatory agents containing a large number of biologically active subunits have long been considered as objects of search for promising pharmacological substances. The review analyzes the linkages between BCG, mycobacterial adjuvants, bacterial lysates, trained immunity, muramylpeptides (MPs) and NOD2 receptors in light of the choice of a low molecular weight alternative to multicomponent bacterial immunostimulants for ARI prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The search for key molecules by which bacteria stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses proceeds in a spiral. On different loops of this spiral, MPs have repeatedly reproduced the nonspecific effects of multicomponent bacterial adjuvants, vaccines and immunostimulants. MPs and peptidoglycans containing MPs determine the adjuvant properties of the cell walls of mycobacteria and their peptide-glycolipid fraction (wax D). MPs were able to replace Mycobacterium tuberculosis in complete Freunds adjuvant. MPs determine the NOD2-dependent ability of BCG to induce trained immunity. Probably, MPs provide NOD2-mediated long-term prophylactic action of bacterial lysates. All of the above has prompted revisiting the previously obtained evidence of the efficacy of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) as a NOD2 agonist in treatment\/prevention of respiratory infections. We speculate here that MPs, in particular GMDP, at rational dosing regimens will be able to reproduce many aspects of the nonspecific effects of BCG and multicomponent bacterial immunostimulants in preventing ARI during the COVID-19 pandemic and in the post-pandemic period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2021.01.200554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T11:54:44Z","timestamp":1614340484000},"page":"108-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["BCG, muramylpeptides, trained immunity (part II): a low molecular weight alternative to multicomponent bacterial immunostimulants for prevention of respiratory infections during a pandemic"],"prefix":"10.26442","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg V.","family":"Kalyuzhin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6166-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana M.","family":"Andronova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-5424","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Karaulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18344","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"\u0410\u0432\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0421.\u0418., \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c\u044f\u043d \u041b.\u0412., \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0418. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (COVID-19)\u00bb. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 9 (26.10.2020) [Avdeev SI, Adamyan LV, Alekseeva EI, et al. Temporary guidelines \u201cPrevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)\u201d. Version 9 (10.26.2020) (In Russ.)]. Available at: https:\/\/minzdrav.gov.ru\/news\/2020\/01\/30\/13236-vremennye-metodicheskie-rekomendatsii-po-profilaktike-diagnostike-i-lecheniyu-novoy-koronavirusnoy-infektsii-2019-ncov"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf1098"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36691\/RJA444"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"\u041a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d \u041e.\u0412. \u0424\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0410\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2016;17(3):186-8 [Kalyuzhin OV. The trained immunity phenomenon and mechanisms of action of non-specific immunostimulants. Allergologiya i immunologiya. 2016;17(3):186-8 (In Russ.)]. Available at: http:\/\/isir.ru\/files\/uploaded\/AI_2016_N3_161-22023022017.pdf"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Kalyuzhin O. The mechanisms of action of non-specific immunostimulants through the prism of the \u00abtrained immunity\u00bb concept. In: Sepiashvili R, eds. Allergy, Asthma & Immunophysiology: Innovative Technologies. Bologna: Filodiritto Proceedings, 2016; p. 373-8."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2020.12.200464"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"WHO. DRAFT landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines \u2013 3 November 2020. Accessed November 6, 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008281117"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715790"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"\u0421\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u041f., \u041a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d \u041e.\u0412. \u041e\u0420\u0412\u0418 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0443. \u041c.: \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, 2015 [Selkova EP, Kalyuzhin OV. Acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Helping the practicing doctor. Moscow: Medical News Agency, 2015 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10814-6"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S267238"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Freund J. The mode of action of immunologic adjuvants. Bibl Tuberc. 1956;10:130-48."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.62.6.751"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.88.4.485"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128116"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanetsuna F. Chemical analysis of mycobacterial cell walls. Biochim Biophys. Acta 1968;158:130-43.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(68)90080-9"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"White RG, Jolles P, Samour D, Lederer E. Correlation of adjuvant activity and chemical structure of Wax D fractions of mycobacteria. Immunology. 1964;7(2):158-71."},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1971.tb00569.x"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1351\/pac197125010135"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.4.851"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.69.4.855"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291x(74)90640-8"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Adam A, Ellouz F, Ciorbaru R, et al. Peptidoglycan adjuvants: minimal structure required for activity. Z. Immunitatsforsch. Exp Klin Immunol. 1975;149:341-48."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061704"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.04.006"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u0412., \u041a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d \u041e.\u0412. \u0421\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u043f\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438\/\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0418\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430. 2013;17(5):3-15 [Karaulov AV, Kalyuzhin OV. Sphere of muramyl dipeptide application within the major approaches to immunotherapy\/prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Fiziologiya i patologiya immunnoj sistemy. Immunofarmakogenomika. 2013;17(5):3-15 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0410.\u0412., \u041a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d \u041e.\u0412. \u0418\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432. 2013;85(11):100-8 [Karaulov AV, Kalyuzhin OV. Immunotherapy for infectious diseases: challenges and prospects. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2013;85(11):100-8 (In Russ.)]. Available at: https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/view\/31403"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.19"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2011.11.002"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004974.pub2"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2017.10.032"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"\u041a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d \u041e\u0412. \u041e\u041c-85 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435\/\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445: \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041b\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447. 2018;3:77-82 [Kalyuzhin OV. OM-85 in the prevention\/treatment of respiratory infections and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases: selection criteria, mechanisms and evidence. Lechaschi Vrach. 2018;3:77-82 (In Russ.)]. Available at: https:\/\/www.lvrach.ru\/2018\/03\/15436933"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Bosisio D, Salogni L, Nowak N, et al. OM-85 shapes dendritic cell activation into a \u201cpre-alert\u201d phenotype. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(Suppl. 55):3872."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082867"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24411\/02064952-2019-13007"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17116\/otorino201984061118"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0415.\u0412. \u0413\u041c\u0414\u041f (\u041b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0434) \u0432 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0435\u0431\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f). \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430. 2011;3(51):2-4 [Voronina EV. GMDP (Lycopid) in reducing seasonal incidence in adults (data from a blind placebo-controlled study). Practical Medicine. 2011;3(51):2-4 (In Russ.)]. Available at: http:\/\/pmarchive.ru\/gmdp-likopid-v-snizhenii-sezonnoj-zabolevaemosti-u-vzroslyx-dannye-slepogo-placebo-kontroliruemogo-issledovaniya\/"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"\u041a\u0438\u0440\u044e\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0410.\u0412., \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041d.\u0410., \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0422.\u0410. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439: \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0420\u043e\u0441. \u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d. 2001;5:27-9 [Kiriukhin AV, Parfenova NA, Maximova TA, et al. Optimization of treatment of frequently and for a long period of time ill children: immunocorrection with likopid. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal. 2001;5:27-29 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15789\/1563-0625-2013-3-255-262"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"\u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0418.\u0412., \u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0421.\u0412., \u041a\u043b\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0415.\u0418. \u0438 \u0434\u0440. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e- \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0443 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f. 2013;27:26-32 [Nesterova IV, Kovaleva SV, Kleshchenko EI, et al. Modified program of combined interferon-and immunotherapy in associated respiratory and herpetic viral infections in immunocompromised children. Effektivnaya Farmakoterapiya. 2013;27:26-32 (In Russ.)]."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.01309"}],"container-title":["Terapevticheskii arkhiv"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/viewFile\/61913\/44950","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/viewFile\/61913\/44950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T20:11:30Z","timestamp":1634155890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ter-arkhiv.ru\/0040-3660\/article\/view\/61913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26442\/00403660.2021.01.200554","relation":{},"ISSN":["2309-5342","0040-3660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2309-5342","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0040-3660","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]}}}