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Patients with IIRD with concomitant DM represent one of the most difficult groups to manage due to serious complications and forced polypharmacy. The article considers risk factors for carbohydrate metabolism disorders, both traditional and directly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, including the effect of anti-inflammatory therapy on insulin resistance, the risk of DM type 2 and glycemic control, as well as positive pleiotropic properties of some hypoglycemic drugs for the treatment of IIRD, and shows the prospects for further clinical research in this area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2025.10.203370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T15:02:21Z","timestamp":1762873341000},"page":"875-882","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Type 2 diabetes mellitus in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: A review"],"prefix":"10.26442","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1147-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liubov V.","family":"Kondratyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5793-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana V.","family":"Popkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1598-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeny L.","family":"Nasonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology"},{"name":"Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18344","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref1","DOI":"10.26442\/00403660.2023.12.202501"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref2","DOI":"10.14341\/dm12507"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref3","DOI":"10.14341\/dm2004116-17"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref4","DOI":"10.14412\/1996-7012-2019-3-10-16"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref5","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204223"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref6","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062148"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4113-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"ref8","DOI":"10.14412\/1995-4484-2016-404-411"},{"unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz C, Isenberg DA. 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