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Alliance"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) are the frontline treatments against malaria worldwide. Recently the use of traditional infusions from\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    (from which artemisinin is obtained) or\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia afra<\/jats:italic>\n                    (lacking artemisinin) has been controversially advocated. Such unregulated plant-based remedies are strongly discouraged as they might constitute sub-optimal therapies and promote drug resistance. Here, we conducted the first comparative study of the anti-malarial effects of both plant infusions in vitro against the asexual erythrocytic stages of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the pre-erythrocytic (i.e., liver) stages of various\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Low concentrations of either infusion accounted for significant inhibitory activities across every parasite species and stage studied. We show that these antiplasmodial effects were essentially artemisinin-independent and were additionally monitored by observations of the parasite apicoplast and mitochondrion. In particular, the infusions significantly incapacitated sporozoites, and for\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , disrupted the hypnozoites. This provides the first indication that compounds other than 8-aminoquinolines could be effective antimalarials against relapsing parasites. These observations advocate for further screening to uncover urgently needed novel antimalarial lead compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202101237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T14:16:08Z","timestamp":1638454568000},"page":"e202101237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Artemisinin-independent inhibitory activity of\n                    <i>Artemisia<\/i>\n                    sp. infusions against different\n                    <i>Plasmodium<\/i>\n                    stages including relapse-causing hypnozoites"],"prefix":"10.26508","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2527-0085","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kutub","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"},{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Pasteur International Network, Malaria Translational Research Pasteur International Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia and Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-1194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahin","family":"Tajeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-5837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christophe-S\u00e9bastien","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ApicoLipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR5309, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U1209, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Amanzougaghene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Franetich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7945-961X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Vantaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire du Paludisme, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Pasteur International Network, Malaria Translational Research Pasteur International Unit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia and Paris, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Soulard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mallaury","family":"Bordessoulles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM), Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d\u2019Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Cazals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Biomol\u00e9cules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier, 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"12380","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.072"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2300-y"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301251110"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-019-2794-y"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.09.017"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018162"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112127"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413127112"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.002"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30048-8"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2005.09.007"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2008.11.001"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1612765"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04760"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2960"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.08.005"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.02.011"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-018-2198-4"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762012000700004"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113638"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080790"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01161-17"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1005-2"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2008.01270.x"},{"key":"2022040706351149000_5.3.e202101237.26","unstructured":"WHO 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