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We further found that STK25 undergoes autophosphorylation in response to multiple TLR triggers. Findings were validated in\n                    <jats:italic>Stk25<\/jats:italic>\n                    -deficient primary immune cells revealing a significant attenuation in R848-induced IRF5 nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Finally, we detected increased levels of STK25 autophosphorylation in immune cells from systemic lupus erythematosus donors compared with healthy controls. 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