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Alliance"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Low birthweight increases chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. Using a gestational low protein (LP) mouse model, we hypothesized that protein restriction would alter nephrogenesis and adult gene expression. Pregnant CD-1 dams received normal protein (NP) or LP diets. Pups were studied on postnatal days 2\u20137 to assess the nephron progenitor cell population. Adult mice underwent transdermal GFR measurement and histologic evaluation, bulk RNA sequencing, and cationic-ferritin-enhanced MRI. Nephrogenesis was protracted in LP mice compared with NP mice. Adult LP mice had fewer glomeruli. LP males had lower GFR and more atubular glomeruli without glomerular hypertrophy. LP males demonstrated down-regulated\n                    <jats:italic>Gfr\u03b11<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Aldh1a1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . LP females demonstrated\n                    <jats:italic>Gata3<\/jats:italic>\n                    down-regulation. LP offspring exhibited prolonged postnatal nephrogenesis with a lower glomerular number as adults, indicating an extended developmental window did not compensate for their reduced nephron endowment at birth. Suppression of the retinoic acid\u2013GDNF signaling pathway was present in LP males. These findings identify a potential early life therapeutic window to mitigate CKD risk in growth-restricted offspring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.202603713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T06:21:36Z","timestamp":1787725296000},"page":"e202603713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26508\/lsa.crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fetal growth restriction leads to prolonged nephrogenesis and gene dysregulation in the adult kidney"],"prefix":"10.26508","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sage","family":"Timberline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0153tk833","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine","place":[", Charlottesville, VA, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel 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