{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:09:58Z","timestamp":1790176198869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to its significant unilateral predominance, tennis can provoke functional and morphological asymmetries that develop over time and may result in undesired morphological alterations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"hypothesispurpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goals of this study were a) to assess glenohumeral range of motion and muscular stiffness in young tennis players with and without a history of shoulder pain and b) to examine interlimb asymmetries in these variables in both groups. It was hypothesized that players with a history of shoulder pain would show a reduced glenohumeral internal rotation (IR) and total arc of motion (TAM) and increased stiffness in internal rotator muscles compared to those without shoulder pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"study-design\">\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional observational study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five participants participated in the study (11 with a history of shoulder pain and 14 without pain). Participants performed stiffness measurements on muscles involved in the main tennis stroke motions alongside range of motion examinations on the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) extremities including IR, external shoulder rotation (ER), and TAM. A two-way mixed-design ANOVA analyzed group and limb effects, with effect sizes classified as small, medium, or large. Significant effects were further examined using Bonferroni post hoc tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were significant differences between the shoulder pain and no shoulder pain group in the D IR (-3.1\u00ba, 6.43%, p = 0.048; effect size [ES] = 0.58) and D TAM (-6.1\u00ba, 3.01%, p = 0.024; ES = 0.66). Moreover, significant differences were found between the D and ND extremities in IR in both groups (-9.2\u00ba, 14.94%, p &lt; 0.001; ES = -1.72) and TAM in the shoulder pain group (-5.6\u00ba, 2,77%, p = 0.038; ES = 0.61). Stiffness measurements showed no significant differences between groups or extremities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significantly lower values of D IR and TAM and higher IR asymmetries in the shoulder pain group suggest that a deficit in these parameters could be associated with shoulder pain history in junior competitors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.127263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1735725732000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Range of Motion and Muscle Stiffness Differences in Junior Tennis Players with and without a History of Shoulder Pain"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Colomar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Sport, Exercise and Human Movement Research Group (SEaHM), Vic, Spain"},{"name":"Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic \u2013 Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Sport, Exercise and Human Movement Research Group (SEaHM), Vic, Spain"},{"name":"Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic \u2013 Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vicens-Bordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia, Sport, Exercise and Human Movement Research Group (SEaHM), Vic, Spain"},{"name":"Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic \u2013 Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Baiget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Sport and Physical Education (INEFC), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-35552012005000079","article-title":"Posterior shoulder tightness and rotator cuff strength assessments in painful shoulders of amateur tennis players","volume":"17","author":"F. 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