{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:09:52Z","timestamp":1790176192998,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"backgroundpurpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The assessment of ankle plantarflexion force is commonly required in athletic performance and clinical rehabilitation settings to assess the integrity of the calf and lower limb musculature. The force generating capacity of the soleus muscle is thought to be important in many aspects of sporting and everyday function. Unfortunately, there are only a few reliable tests describing the assessment of the strength of the soleus muscle, especially in dorsiflexion greater than plantar grade\/neutral which mimics ankle joint positions associated with higher ground contact forces. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to describe the reliability, feasibility, and clinimetrics of a novel test of plantarflexion force in a clinical setting<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Test-retest reliability of a seated isometric plantar flexion strength test performed a minimum of one day apart (maximum of six) using the maximum value of four trials was investigated using a force plate and custom apparatus in 61 volunteer adults (of varying activity levels (Tegner one to ten). Inter-rater reliability (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), Bland-Altman, and minimal detectable change values were estimated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-one subjects were tested (49 male, 12 female, 39.6\u00b112.6 years, 81.1\u00b113.8kg). Excellent test-retest reliability was demonstrated (ICC\n                      <jats:sub>2,1<\/jats:sub>\n                      )=0.976 [0.97 to 0.98], p&lt;0.001; and minimal detectable change (MDC) was found to be 118N.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excellent test-retest reliability and a minimal detectable change of 118N (14.8% bodyweight) were demonstrated for this measure of plantar flexion force. MDC data can inform clinical progression and between-limb differences in healthy and injured individuals. Further, these results can be used to explore the clinical importance of the measurement using the instrumentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3b<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.128591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T21:27:51Z","timestamp":1738358871000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Excellent Reliability for an Instrumented Test of Ankle Plantarflexion Force"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Moez","family":"Glaied","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/002h8g185","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Bath"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Whiteley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar"},{"name":"Curtin University, Perth, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.31047","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the isometric soleus strength test in elite male academy footballers","volume":"17","author":"D. Rhodes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.31.75","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for grip strength: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"R. W. Bohannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk8040164","article-title":"The kneeling isometric plantar flexor test: preliminary reliability and feasibility in professional youth football","volume":"8","author":"J. J. McMahon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.03.007","article-title":"Normative isometric plantarflexion strength values for professional level, male rugby union athletes","volume":"61","author":"M. Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.85.2.398","article-title":"Architectural and functional features of human triceps surae muscles during contraction","volume":"85","author":"Y. Kawakami","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2022.102720","article-title":"Motor unit firing patterns of lower leg muscles during isometric plantar flexion with flexed knee joint position","volume":"67","author":"S. Kunugi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5466","article-title":"Sample size formulas for estimating intraclass correlation coefficients with precision and assurance","volume":"31","author":"G. Y. 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Stotz","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/128591-excellent-reliability-for-an-instrumented-test-of-ankle-plantarflexion-force","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:49:27Z","timestamp":1790174967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/128591-excellent-reliability-for-an-instrumented-test-of-ankle-plantarflexion-force"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.128591","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}}}