{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:09:44Z","timestamp":1790176184356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of rotator cuff pathology in adolescent athletes is incredibly rare, consisting of only 1% of upper extremity injuries in those under the age of 20. Most rotator cuff injuries in this population are of the supraspinatus with few being of the subscapularis. The subscapularis aids with internal rotation and stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. Surgical management of these injuries in an adolescent athlete presents unique challenges due to periods of rapid growth in adolescence. Additional challenges exist in guiding post-operative physical therapy due to limited information on this injury. The purpose of this case report is to describe the surgical management and postoperative physical therapy of an adolescent, overhead athlete with a full thickness subscapularis tendon tear with concomitant long head of biceps tendon tear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"case-description\">\n                    <jats:title>Case Description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 13-year-old, male overhead athlete with a complete subscapularis tendon tear and partial-thickness tendon tear of the long head of the biceps was treated surgically with open subscapularis tendon repair and bicep tenodesis. The subject completed 22 physical therapy sessions over 30 weeks including completion of a return-to-throwing program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"outcomes\">\n                    <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By the end of the course of treatment, the subject was able to return to sport and displayed clinically meaningful improvements in in range of motion and strength as well as patient reported outcome measures including the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (PSS) and the QuickDASH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"discussion\">\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report emphasizes the uniqueness of an injury to the subscapularis tendon and long head of the biceps tendon tear in an adolescent overhead athlete along with the rarity of surgical intervention in this population. This case further outlines the success of surgical management following the use of a multi-phased rehabilitation program, allowing the athlete to safely return to sport.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 5<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.136408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T23:04:41Z","timestamp":1746054281000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Subscapularis Repair and Biceps Tenodesis in an Adolescent Overhead Athlete: A Resident\u2019s Case Report"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ramsey E","family":"Benkert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02nkdxk79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","department":["Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7158-7847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Zeppieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tk2gy88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Florida Health","department":["Rehabilitation"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y3ad647","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Florida","department":["University Athletics Association Team Physical Therapist"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Owens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles Chargers","department":["Football Staff - Team Physical Therapist"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan P","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y3ad647","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Florida","department":["Orthopedic and Sports Medicine"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y3ad647","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Florida","department":["University Athletic Association Team Physician"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y3ad647","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Florida","department":["Physical Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2006.36.3.138","article-title":"The Penn Shoulder Score: reliability and validity","volume":"36","author":"B. G. Leggin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.03.008","article-title":"Responsiveness, minimal importance difference and minimal detectable change scores of the shortened Disability Arm Shoulder Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire","volume":"15","author":"K. Polson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-44","article-title":"The shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH): validity and reliability based on responses within the full-length DASH","volume":"7","author":"C. Gummesson","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2016.6487","article-title":"Development of a yellow flag assessment tool for orthopaedic physical therapists: Results from the Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome (OSPRO) cohort published correction appears in J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2016;46(9):813. doi: 10.2519\/jospt.2016.46.9.813]","volume":"46","author":"T. A. Lentz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.5.668","article-title":"Goniometric reliability in a clinical setting. Shoulder measurements","volume":"67","author":"D. L. Riddle","year":"1987","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.006","article-title":"Measuring shoulder external and internal rotation strength and range of motion: comprehensive intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study of several testing protocols","volume":"23","author":"A. M. Cools","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9462-7","article-title":"Rotator cuff repair: post-operative rehabilitation concepts","volume":"11","author":"T. A. Sgroi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e3283547001","article-title":"Rotator cuff injuries in adolescent athletes","volume":"22","author":"J. M. Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300030901","article-title":"Humeral retroversion and its relationship to glenohumeral rotation in the shoulder of college baseball players","volume":"30","author":"K. M. Reagan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738115608830","article-title":"The development of humeral retrotorsion and its relationship to throwing sports","volume":"7","author":"E. M. Greenberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","first-page":"630","article-title":"Throwing injuries in the adolescent athlete","volume":"8","author":"E. Shanley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-024-00836-2","article-title":"The COVID-19 lockdown as a model of detraining in division 1 college softball players","volume":"16","author":"G., Jr. Zeppieri","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2022.10952","article-title":"2022 Bern consensus statement on shoulder injury prevention, rehabilitation, and return to sport for athletes at all participation levels","volume":"52","author":"A. Schwank","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.31045","article-title":"Normalized isometric shoulder strength as a predictor of ball velocity in youth baseball players","volume":"17","author":"A. J. Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2239-9","article-title":"Throwing-related injuries of the subscapularis in professional baseball players","volume":"45","author":"J. M. Polster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.10.022","article-title":"Treating subscapularis and lesser tuberosity avulsion injuries in skeletally immature patients: A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"P. Vavken","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2017.11.006","article-title":"Subscapularis tears: hidden and forgotten no more","volume":"2","author":"J. Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"JSES Open Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017170481","article-title":"Shoulder injuries in the overhead-throwing athlete: epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, and imaging findings","volume":"286","author":"D. J. Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.11.010","article-title":"Rotator cuff repair in the pediatric population displays favorable outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"4","author":"N. B. Condron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114533657","article-title":"Subscapularis tears and lesser tuberosity avulsion fractures in the pediatric subject","volume":"7","author":"L. E. LaMont","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738112470912","article-title":"Traumatic subscapularis tendon tear in an adolescent American football player","volume":"5","author":"M. E. Gibson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2396200","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2396200","article-title":"Lesser tuberosity avulsion fracture in an 11-year-old baseball player due to batting","volume":"2021","author":"R. Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.12.018","article-title":"The American Society of Shoulder and Elbow Therapists' consensus statement on rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair","volume":"25","author":"C. A. Thigpen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/136408-postoperative-rehabilitation-following-subscapularis-repair-and-biceps-tenodesis-in-an-adolescent-overhead-athlete-a-resident-s-case-report","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:48:45Z","timestamp":1790174925000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/136408-postoperative-rehabilitation-following-subscapularis-repair-and-biceps-tenodesis-in-an-adolescent-overhead-athlete-a-resident-s-case-report"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.136408","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}