{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:19:50Z","timestamp":1788383990342,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Force plate vertical jump testing can identify persistent lower limb asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Unfortunately, there is no consensus on which vertical jump task, nor the hundreds of available metric assessment combinations that are relevant to basketball athletes after ACLR.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to examine the jump performances of high school and collegiate male basketball athletes in the final stages of ACLR rehabilitation to 1) establish referenceable between-limb symmetry scores, and 2) identify metrics that best detect between-limb asymmetry during common vertical jump tasks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort examination<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Forty-nine male high school and collegiate basketball athletes who underwent primary ACLR were examined using a dual force plate system in the final stages rehabilitation. Participants were subdivided into two groups: athletes who exhibited above or below 90% isokinetic quadriceps peak torque limb symmetry index (LSI). Select jump metrics were collected from three jumping tasks: double-leg countermovement jump (DL-CMJ), single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ), and single-leg repeat hop (SL-RH). Referenceable LSI jump scores were reported using descriptive analysis and compared between the two groups using independent samples t-tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Significant differences in LSI between the two groups were identified (p< 0.05) during the DL-CMJ: eccentric rate of force development (MD= -22.6), concentric impulse (MD= -22.4), concentric impulse 100ms (MD= -24.0), contact time (MD= -.43), and peak take-off force (MD= -12.7), and during the SL-RH: jump height (MD= -12.4) and flight time:contact time (MD= 13.3). No significant differences were found during SL-CMJ testing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In the final phases of ACLR rehabilitation, basketball athletes who exhibit quadriceps strength asymmetry also demonstrated greater asymmetry during double-leg and single-leg reactive jumping tasks but not during single-leg countermovement jumps suggesting the importance of a battery of jump tests to ensure adequate restoration of physical qualities required for the sport.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n Level 3<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.141101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T23:06:33Z","timestamp":1751324793000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of Force Plate Jump Testing Metrics Relevant to Return to Play Decision Making in Basketball Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Christopher S","family":"Hart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Detroit Pistons","department":["Medical and Performance Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"Chumanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02mqqhj42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"UW Health University Hospital","department":["Sports Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2019.8190","article-title":"The association between passing return-to-sport criteria and second anterior cruciate ligament injury risk: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"J. M. Losciale","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093962","article-title":"Isokinetic muscle strength and readiness to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: is there an association? A systematic review and a protocol recommendation","volume":"49","author":"M. B. Undheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7285","article-title":"Limb symmetry indexes can overestimate knee function after anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"47","author":"E. Wellsandt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120976363","article-title":"Vertical and horizontal hop performance: Contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle","volume":"13","author":"A. Kotsifaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-104692","article-title":"Single leg vertical jump performance identifies knee function deficits at return to sport after ACL reconstruction in male athletes","volume":"56","author":"A. Kotsifaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117710912","article-title":"Phase-specific ground reaction force analyses of bilateral and unilateral jumps in patients with ACL reconstruction","volume":"5","author":"C. Baumgart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-022-00542-x","article-title":"Reactive strength index during single-limb vertical continuous jumps after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"K. Hirohata","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Sport Sci, Med and Rehabil"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2022.853701","article-title":"Attenuated lower limb stretch-shorten-cycle capacity in ACL injured vs. non-injured female Alpine ski racers: Not just a matter of between-limb asymmetry","volume":"4","author":"M. J. Jordan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Sports Act Living"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4085\/169-20","article-title":"Residual deficits in reactive strength indicate incomplete restoration of athletic qualities following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in professional soccer players","author":"P. J. Read","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000677","article-title":"A framework to guide practitioners for selecting Metrics during the Countermovement and drop jump tests","volume":"44","author":"C. Bishop","year":"2022","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659101900206","article-title":"Injuries in high-risk persons and high-risk sports. A longitudinal study of 1818 school children","volume":"19","author":"F. J. Backx","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9420-9","article-title":"ACL Return to sport guidelines and criteria","volume":"10","author":"G. J. Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskel. Med."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515576127","article-title":"Changes in involved and uninvolved limb function during rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Implications for Limb Symmetry Index measures","volume":"43","author":"E. Rohman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003565","article-title":"Magnitude or direction? Seasonal variation of interlimb asymmetry in elite academy soccer players","volume":"36","author":"C. Bishop","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318265a3c8","article-title":"Analysis of lower limb asymmetries by isokinetic and vertical jump tests in soccer players","volume":"27","author":"H. J. Menzel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research \u2013 Applications to Practice","author":"Leslie Portney","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"issue":"4820","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104820","article-title":"The validity of Hawkin Dynamics Wireless dual force plates for measuring countermovement jump and drop jump variables","volume":"23","author":"A. J. Badby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1397460","article-title":"Analysis of standing vertical jumps using a force platform","volume":"69","author":"N. P. Linthorne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physics"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Abstract: The validation of a portable dual-force plate system for assessing countermovement jump performance","author":"G. Crowder","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Society of Biomechanics"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.123479","article-title":"Relationship between single-leg vertical jump and drop jump performance, and return to sports after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring graft","author":"S. Ohji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.29595","article-title":"Single-leg vertical hop test detects greater limb asymmetries than horizontal tests after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 collegiate athletes","volume":"16","author":"M. J. Zarro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2018-000468","article-title":"Epidemiology of sports injuries in basketball: integrative systematic review","volume":"4","author":"C. V. Andreoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.86130","article-title":"Hop to it! The relationship between hop tests and the anterior cruciate ligament \u2013 Return to sport index after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Athletes","author":"M. Zarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"103","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7050103","article-title":"Countermovement jump inter-limb asymmetries in collegiate basketball players","volume":"7","author":"A. Heishman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12314","article-title":"Lower limb asymmetry in mechanical muscle function: A comparison between ski racers with and without ACL reconstruction","volume":"25","author":"M. J. Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.18819","article-title":"Prediction of ACL injuries from vertical jump kinetics in Division 1 collegiate athletes","volume":"16","author":"M. Pontillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-480-16","article-title":"Countermovement jump and isokinetic dynamometry as measures of rehabilitation status after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"53","author":"E. O\u2019Malley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/tsm2.92","article-title":"Previous injury is associated with heightened countermovement jump force-time asymmetries in professional soccer players","volume":"2","author":"L. M. Hart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Sports Med"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/52.3-4.591","article-title":"An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)","volume":"52","author":"S. S. Shapiro","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2018.11.004","article-title":"Knee extensor strength and hop test performance following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"26","author":"K. W. Barfod","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Knee"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-12-00156.1","article-title":"Using effect size-or why the P value is not enough","volume":"4","author":"G. M. Sullivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096031","article-title":"Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study","volume":"50","author":"H. Grindem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14328","article-title":"The incidence rate of ACL injuries and ankle sprains in basketball players: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"33","author":"E. Stojanovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.025","article-title":"Hand-held dynamometry correlation with the gold standard isokinetic dynomometry: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"T. Stark","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-019-05513-3","article-title":"Hop tests can result in higher limb symmetry index values than isokinetic strength and leg press tests in patients following ACL reconstruction","volume":"28","author":"T. Nagai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211063800","article-title":"Relationship between isokinetic knee strength and single-leg drop jump performance 9 months after ACL reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"N. M. Crotty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2024.12374","article-title":"Double-leg and single-leg jump test reference values for athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who play popular pivoting sports, including soccer and basketball: a scoping review","volume":"54","author":"N. Van Melick","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.1.39","article-title":"Explosive strength imbalances in professional basketball players","volume":"44","author":"M. Schiltz","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/app10196984","article-title":"Change of direction performance is influenced by asymmetries in jumping ability and hip and trunk strength in elite basketball players","volume":"10","author":"F. Ujakovic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-112340","article-title":"Determining bilateral strength imbalances in youth basketball athletes","volume":"38","author":"C. Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255458","article-title":"Between-session reliability of performance and asymmetry variables obtained during unilateral and bilateral countermovement jumps in basketball players","volume":"16","author":"A. Perez-Castilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f232","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f232","article-title":"Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial","volume":"346","author":"R. B. Frobell","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546515623032","article-title":"Fifteen-year survival of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients aged 18 years and younger","volume":"44","author":"M. D. Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514530088","article-title":"Incidence of second ACL injuries 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction and return to sport","volume":"42","author":"M. V. Paterno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096031","article-title":"Simple decision rules can reduce reinjury risk by 84% after ACL reconstruction: the Delaware-Oslo ACL cohort study","volume":"50","author":"H. Grindem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0674-6","article-title":"Optimization of the return-to-sport paradigm after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a critical step back to move forward","volume":"47","author":"B. Dingenen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095908","article-title":"Likelihood of ACL graft rupture: not meeting six clinical discharge criteria before return to sport is associated with a four times greater risk of rupture","volume":"50","author":"P. Kyritsis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/141101-investigation-of-force-plate-jump-testing-metrics-relevant-to-return-to-play-decision-making-in-basketball-athletes-after-anterior-cruciate-ligament-r","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:46:49Z","timestamp":1788382009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/141101-investigation-of-force-plate-jump-testing-metrics-relevant-to-return-to-play-decision-making-in-basketball-athletes-after-anterior-cruciate-ligament-r"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.141101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]}}}