{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:20:00Z","timestamp":1785435600707,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Single Leg Bridge (SLB) is widely prescribed for core and posterior chain strengthening, but normative endurance values are lacking. Establishing benchmarks may enhance rehabilitation, performance screening, and injury risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"hypothesispurpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study is two-fold: The first is to establish normative values for the SLB endurance test, which physical therapists can use as a reference for rehabilitation. The second is to evaluate whether visually assessing SLB form loss is as accurate as using an app with angle detection in measuring the total duration of SLB during endurance testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"study-design\">\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were recruited through flyers and word of mouth on the Georgia Southern University campus and within the Savannah community. Participants were excluded if they had medical conditions or recent injuries that could affect single-leg bridge performance. All participants completed a standardized warm-up, followed by a single bilateral trial of the SLB test. Endurance time was recorded using clinician visual estimation and the Angles App, which identified &gt;10\u00b0 hip deviation from starting position. After excluding outliers, descriptive statistics established normative values, and Pearson correlations assessed agreement between methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-seven asymptomatic participants (mean age 20.3 years; 77.7% female, 17.3% male) participated in the study. Adjusted normative values were 65.2 seconds (SD = 32.7) for the dominant leg and 63.9 seconds (SD = 33.7) for the nondominant leg. Strong, statistically significant correlations were observed between clinician visual and app-based measures (dominant leg: r = 0.815, p &lt; 0.001; nondominant leg: r = 0.837, p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides the first normative SLB endurance values for healthy young adults. Findings demonstrate that clinician visual estimation strongly aligns with app-based analysis, supporting use of the SLB test in clinical environments where technology access may be limited. The SLB uniquely challenges posterior chain and gluteal endurance under unilateral stabilization and may complement existing core endurance assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.154592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T22:03:43Z","timestamp":1767218623000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishing Normative Values and Clinician Assessment Accuracy for the Single Leg Bridge Endurance Test"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1779-7899","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haley","family":"Worst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04agmb972","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia Southern University","department":["Department of Clinical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04agmb972","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Georgia Southern University","department":["Department of Clinical Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3390\/ejihpe13090117","article-title":"Decoding hip muscle activation: A comparative electromyographic analysis of turn-out bent knee pulse and single-leg banded glute bridge exercises in healthy female subjects","volume":"13","author":"Q. Gasibat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3813","article-title":"The effects of gluteus muscle strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscle strength and balance in chronic low back pain patients","volume":"27","author":"U. C. Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-022-00513-8","article-title":"The influence of gluteal muscle strength deficits on dynamic knee valgus: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"V. G. Rinaldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","first-page":"543","article-title":"Building a better gluteal bridge: electromyographic analysis of hip muscle activity during modified single-leg bridges","volume":"12","author":"B. J. Lehecka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2004.08.002","article-title":"Spinal muscle evaluation using the Sorensen test: a critical appraisal of the literature","volume":"73","author":"C. Demoulin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Core strength testing: Developing normative data for three clinical tests","author":"A. Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"St Catherine Univ Dr Phys Ther Res Pap"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.116154","article-title":"Reliability and validity of visual estimation in determining thorax rotation mobility using the quadruped lumbar-locked position","volume":"19","author":"K. S. Whetstone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.3390\/s23042232","article-title":"Video-based goniometer applications for measuring knee joint angles during walking in neurological patients: A validity, reliability and usability study","volume":"23","author":"M. Parati","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/sjsm.sjsm_3_22","article-title":"Comparison of endurance, agility, and core strength between national and state level female football players","volume":"22","author":"Z. Zaidi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Saudi J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2014.915839","article-title":"The prone bridge test: Performance, validity, and reliability among Chinese males and females of different ages","volume":"22","author":"T.K. Tong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2012.02.017","article-title":"Trunk muscle activation during stabilization exercises with single and double leg support","volume":"22","author":"M. P. Garc\u00eda-Vaquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2014-0011","article-title":"Norms for an isometric muscle endurance test","volume":"40","author":"S. L. Strand","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","first-page":"824","article-title":"A study on core endurance among male long-distance runners","volume":"10","author":"R. Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health Res Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.16965\/ijpr.2018.107","article-title":"Core endurance: A comparative study among genders","volume":"6","author":"P. Bhadra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Physiother Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199711150-00013","article-title":"The effect of fatigue on multijoint kinematics and load sharing during a repetitive lifting test","volume":"22","author":"P. J. Sparto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Biering-S\u00f8rensen Test","author":"Shirley Ryan AbilityLab","journal-title":"Rehabil Meas Database"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.07.008","article-title":"Assessing the validity and reliability of a new video goniometer app for measuring joint angles in adults and children","volume":"101","author":"A. B. Cunha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198403000-00002","article-title":"Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period","volume":"9","author":"F. Biering-S\u00f8rensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006807","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2023.1006807","article-title":"Video-based goniometer applications for measuring knee joint angles during walking in neurological patients: A validity, reliability, and usability study","volume":"4","author":"R. A. Youssef","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Rehabil Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90087-4","article-title":"Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: Clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database","volume":"80","author":"S. M. McGill","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181874564","article-title":"The relationship between core stability and performance in Division I football players","volume":"22","author":"T. W. Nesser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","first-page":"1119","article-title":"The link between time spent in the modified plank position and performance on a test of core muscle endurance","volume":"29","author":"D. R. Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.01490","article-title":"Core endurance relationships with athletic and functional performance in inactive people","volume":"10","author":"D. A. Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.3390\/app11041822","article-title":"Predictive validity of the single leg hamstring bridge test in Military settings","volume":"11","author":"P. Pori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092356","article-title":"The predictive validity of a single leg bridge test for hamstring injuries in Australian Rules Football Players","volume":"48","author":"G. Freckleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2012.07.007","article-title":"Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements","volume":"1","author":"A. Waldhelm","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.3109\/09593985.2015.1010672","article-title":"Magnitudes of muscle activation of spine stabilizers, gluteals, and hamstrings during supine bridge to neutral position","volume":"31","author":"J. W. Youdas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/154592-establishing-normative-values-and-clinician-assessment-accuracy-for-the-single-leg-bridge-endurance-test","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T22:06:03Z","timestamp":1767391563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/154592-establishing-normative-values-and-clinician-assessment-accuracy-for-the-single-leg-bridge-endurance-test"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.154592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]}}}