{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T02:17:31Z","timestamp":1788229051219,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031289","name":"Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GIR25-41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GIR25-41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n The additional value of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) during contract\u2013relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF-CR) stretching remains unclear, particularly in adolescent athletes. It is also unknown whether combining PNF-CR with motor-threshold NMES improves hamstring flexibility more than a sensory-threshold comparator without impairing vertical jump performance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To compare the acute effects of PNF-CR combined with motor-threshold NMES versus sensory-threshold NMES on hamstring flexibility and to assess the impact of both interventions on vertical jump performance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Forty-seven youth soccer players (mean age: 13.2 \u00b1 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received the same single-session PNF-CR stretching protocol. The experimental group (n = 23) received motor-level NMES during the contraction phases, whereas the placebo group (n = 24) received sensory-level NMES during the same PNF-CR protocol. Hamstring flexibility was assessed using the Popliteal Angle (PA) and Sit-and-Reach (SR) tests, while vertical jump performance was evaluated via the Countermovement Jump (CMJ) test. Analyses followed an intention-to-treat approach. Time, group, and time \u00d7 group effects were examined using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc comparisons; CMJ was additionally analyzed using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Both groups showed statistically significant pre\u2013post improvements in SR and PA scores. Specifically, PA decreased in the experimental group by 4.0\u00b0 (95% CI: 1.4 to 6.5; p = 0.003) and by 3.1\u00b0 (95% CI: 0.5 to 6.0; p = 0.018) in the placebo group. SR increased by 2.7 cm (95% CI: 1.9 to 3.6; p < 0.001) in the experimental group and 2.8 cm (95% CI: 1.9 to 3.7; p < 0.001) in the placebo group. No significant between-group differences were found for either flexibility outcome. Regarding CMJ, no significant intra- or intergroup changes were observed (p > 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The addition of motor-threshold NMES to a PNF-CR stretching protocol does not yield superior acute flexibility gains. Moreover, neither intervention negatively affected jump performance in this athletic population, supporting their safe and potentially beneficial application in pre-training contexts for adolescent soccer players.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 1b.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.166783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:31:28Z","timestamp":1788226288000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Effects of Contract\u2013Relax PNF With and Without Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Hamstring Flexibility and Jump Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7870-7077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Salvador-Huerta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3087-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Azanon-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eloi","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Pazos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Betancourt-Cabeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Lazcano-Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Porcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Manuel","family":"de la Hera-Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Amer-Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4983-4052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Francisco","family":"Lis\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01tnh0829","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU","department":["Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00ca2c886","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Health Carlos III","department":["CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2015.1022577","article-title":"Impact of limited hamstring flexibility on vertical jump, kicking speed, sprint, and agility in young football players","volume":"33","author":"F. 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