{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:11:08Z","timestamp":1790176268008,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Excessive frontal plane motion of the trunk and\/or pelvis has been implicated in numerous clinical conditions. To date, it is unclear whether 2D video is an appropriate surrogate for assessing frontal plane trunk and pelvis motion as a comprehensive validity study across a wide range of movements using a consistent methodology has not been performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of the current study was to assess the concurrent validity and agreement of frontal plane pelvis and trunk motion obtained with 2D video against the respective 3D angles during stepping, landing, and change in direction tasks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Crossover Study Design.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n 3D kinematics and 2D frontal plane video were obtained from 39 healthy participants (15 males and 24 females) during five athletic tasks (step down, lateral shuffle, deceleration, triple hop, side-step-cut). Data were extracted at peak knee flexion. Pearson\u2019s correlation analysis was used to assess the association between the 2D and 3D frontal plane angles at the trunk and pelvis. Bland Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between the 2D and 3D frontal plane angles at the trunk and pelvis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n 2D and 3D frontal plane angles for all tasks were correlated in a positive direction at the pelvis (r = 0.54 to 0.73, all p < 0.001) and trunk (r = 0.81 to 0.92, all p < 0.001). Absolute agreement in the frontal plane for all tasks and angles was below 5\u00b0. However, the 95% limits of agreement across tasks ranged from -12.8\u00b0 to 21.3\u00b0 for the pelvis and -11.8\u00b0 to 9.4\u00b0 for the trunk.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The use of 2D video to assess frontal plane trunk and pelvis motion is appropriate during stepping, landing, and change of direction tasks, however caution is advised when high levels of agreement or accuracy is required.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.30994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T22:05:42Z","timestamp":1643666742000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Utility of 2D Video Analysis for Assessing Frontal Plane Trunk and Pelvis Motion during Stepping, Landing, and Change in Direction Tasks: A Validity Study"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-4825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel K","family":"Straub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03taz7m60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Southern California","department":["Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03taz7m60","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Southern California","department":["Division of Biokinesiology & Physical Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Video Analysis Is Comparable to 3d Motion Capture in Lower Extremity Movement Assessment","volume":"12","author":"S. A. Schurr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.07.006","article-title":"Validity and reliability of 2-dimensional trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg squat, drop jump, and single-leg hop in females with patellofemoral pain","volume":"45","author":"B. Kingston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","first-page":"136","article-title":"Concurrent validity and reliability of 2d kinematic analysis of frontal plane motion during running","volume":"10","author":"J. N. Maykut","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2017.02.001","article-title":"Are two-dimensional measured frontal plane angles related to three-dimensional measured kinematic profiles during running?","volume":"29","author":"B. Dingenen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.4.396","article-title":"Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury","volume":"43","author":"Y. Shimokochi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.059162","article-title":"Video analysis of trunk and knee motion during non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes: lateral trunk and knee abduction motion are combined components of the injury mechanism","volume":"43","author":"T. E. Hewett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507301585","article-title":"Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: a prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study","volume":"35","author":"B. T. Zazulak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.05.023","article-title":"Assessment of a greater trochanter-based method of locating the hip joint center","volume":"43","author":"J. T. Weinhandl","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3_suppl","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1976.43.3f.1319","article-title":"Robustness of the Pearson correlation against violations of assumptions","volume":"43","author":"Larry L Havlicek","year":"1976","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"M. M. Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03376-1","article-title":"Performance in dynamic movement tasks and occurrence of low back pain in youth floorball and basketball players","volume":"21","author":"M. K. Rossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030010-00001","article-title":"Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science","volume":"30","author":"W. G. Hopkins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8476","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"1","author":"J. M. Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2015.06.013","article-title":"Can two-dimensional video analysis during single-leg drop vertical jumps help identify non-contact knee injury risk? A one-year prospective study","volume":"30","author":"B. Dingenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13626","article-title":"Altered hip control during a standing knee-lift test is associated with increased risk of knee injuries","volume":"30","author":"M. Leppanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2017.05.003","article-title":"Pelvic and hip kinematics during single-leg drop-landing are altered in sports participants with long-standing groin pain: A cross-sectional study","volume":"26","author":"L. Janse van Rensburg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318256903a","article-title":"Frontal plane biomechanics in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain","volume":"44","author":"T. H. Nakagawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.08.025","article-title":"Lower extremity mechanics of females with and without patellofemoral pain across activities with progressively greater task demands","volume":"23","author":"J. D. Willson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.09.010","article-title":"Landing instructions focused on pelvic and trunk lateral tilt decrease the knee abduction moment during a single-leg drop vertical jump","volume":"46","author":"M. Chijimatsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys Ther Sport"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.04.001","article-title":"The incidence and potential pathomechanics of patellofemoral pain in female athletes","volume":"25","author":"G. D. Myer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591","article-title":"Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study","volume":"33","author":"T. E. Hewett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/30994-utility-of-2d-video-analysis-for-assessing-frontal-plane-trunk-and-pelvis-motion-during-stepping-landing-and-change-in-direction-tasks-a-validity-s","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:51:50Z","timestamp":1790175110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/30994-utility-of-2d-video-analysis-for-assessing-frontal-plane-trunk-and-pelvis-motion-during-stepping-landing-and-change-in-direction-tasks-a-validity-s"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.30994","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}