{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:10:21Z","timestamp":1790176221326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648857600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gait impairments have been well-studied in concussed athletes. However, the sex-specific effect of cumulative head impacts on gait is not well understood. When a cognitive task is added to a walking task, dual-task gait assessments can help amplify deficits in gait and are representative of tasks in everyday life. Dual-task cost is the difference in performance from walking (single-task) to walking with a cognitive load (dual-task).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"purpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were to explore the differences between sexes in 1) dual-task gait metrics, 2) gait metric changes from pre-season to post-concussion and post-season, and 3) the dual-task costs associated with gait metrics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"study-design\">\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over two seasons, 77 female athlete-seasons and 64 male athlete-seasons from collegiate club rugby teams participated in this study. Subjects wore inertial sensors and completed walking trials with and without a cognitive test at pre-season, post-season, and post-concussion (if applicable).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Females athletes showed improvement in cadence (mean = 2.7 step\/min increase), double support time (mean = -0.8% gait cycle time decrease), gait speed (mean = 0.1 m\/s increase), and stride length (mean = 0.2 m increase) in both task conditions over the course of the season (p &lt; 0.030). Male athletes showed no differences in gait metrics over the course of the season, except for faster gait speeds and longer stride lengths in the dual-task condition (p &lt; 0.034). In all four gait characteristics, at baseline and post-season, females had higher dual-task costs (mean difference = 4.4, p &lt; 0.003) than the males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This results of this study showed little evidence suggesting a relationship between repetitive head impact exposure and gait deficits. However, there are sex-specific differences that should be considered during the diagnosis and management of sports-related concussion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level 2b<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.32591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T08:49:36Z","timestamp":1648802976000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Dual-Task Gait Performance Following Head Impact Exposure in Male and Female Collegiate Rugby Players"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8865-8290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily E","family":"Kieffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Virginia Tech","department":["Biomedical Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Gunnar","family":"Brolinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00sda2672","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3227-0596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Rowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02smfhw86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Virginia Tech","department":["Biomedical Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/npt.0b013e31814a6493","article-title":"Attention and dual-task conditions: physical therapy implications for individuals with acquired brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Karen McCulloch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1557-0576","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000222828.56982.a4","article-title":"Gait stability following concussion","volume":"38","author":"TONYA M. 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