{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:47:17Z","timestamp":1792226837635,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic shoulder instability is a common injury in athletes and military personnel. Surgical stabilization reduces recurrence, but athletes often return to sport before recovering upper extremity rotational strength and sport-specific abilities. Blood flow restriction (BFR) may stimulate muscle growth without the need for heavy resistance training post-surgically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"hypothesispurpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To observe changes in shoulder strength, self-reported function, upper extremity performance, and range of motion (ROM) in military cadets recovering from shoulder stabilization surgery who completed a standard rehabilitation program with six weeks of BFR training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"study-design\">\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective case series<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Military cadets who underwent shoulder stabilization surgery completed six weeks of upper extremity BFR training, beginning post-op week six. Primary outcomes were shoulder isometric strength and patient-reported function assessed at 6-weeks, 12-weeks, and 6-months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included shoulder ROM assessed at each timepoint and the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST), the Upper Extremity Y-Balance Test (UQYBT), and the Unilateral Seated Shotput Test (USPT) assessed at the six-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty cadets performed an average 10.9 BFR training sessions over six weeks. Statistically significant and clinically meaningful increases in surgical extremity external rotation strength (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; mean difference, .049; 95% CI: .021, .077), abduction strength (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; mean difference, .079; 95% CI: .050, .108), and internal rotation strength (\n                      <jats:italic>p &lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.001; mean difference, .060; CI: .028, .093) occurred from six to 12 weeks postoperatively. Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements were reported on the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; mean difference, 17.7; CI: 9.4, 25.9) and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001; mean difference, -31.1; CI: -44.2, -18.0) from six to 12 weeks postoperatively. Additionally, over 70 percent of participants met reference values on two to three performance tests at 6-months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the degree of improvement attributable to the addition of BFR is unknown, the clinically meaningful improvements in shoulder strength, self-reported function, and upper extremity performance warrant further exploration of BFR during upper extremity rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4, Case Series<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.37865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T08:54:48Z","timestamp":1664614488000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy on Shoulder Function Following Shoulder Stabilization Surgery: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"John H.","family":"McGinniss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie B.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Pitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Crowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University \u2013 Keller Army Community Hospital Division I Sports Physical Therapy Fellowship"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e3181915670","article-title":"Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults","volume":"41","author":"N.A. 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