{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:10:44Z","timestamp":1790176244047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n The unilateral Seated Shot-Put Test (USSPT) is an easy to apply, inexpensive tool that can be used to assess shoulder performance unilaterally. Two different positions of execution have been described in previous studies, however, differences regarding reference values and psychometric properties were not assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the performance, test-retest reliability and measurement error of the USSPT according to different positions of execution (floor versus chair) in overhead athletes. The hypothesis was that both positions would present similar values, good to excellent test-retest reliability and clinically acceptable measures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n STUDY DESIGN<\/jats:title>\n Test-retest reliability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Forty-four overhead athletes performed the USSPT on the floor (USSPT-F) and on a chair (USSPT-C). Normative values were established according to gender, age, and dominance. Test-retest reliability was determined using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and measurement error through Standard Error of Measurement, Smallest Detectable Change, as well as Bland and Altman plots.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Reference values for both positions were provided. Women performed better on the USSPT-C than USSPT-F. Excellent test-retest reliability 0.97 (0.89 \u2013 0.99) for dominant side and 0.95 (0.80 \u2013 0.98) for non-dominant side was found for the USSPT-F. Moderate to excellent reliability 0.91 (0.67 \u2013 0.98) for dominant side and 0.74 (0.01 \u2013 0.93) for non-dominant side was found for the USSPT-C. Presence of systematic error (14.76 cm) was found only for USSPT-C dominant (p=0.011).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n Differences were found only for women with better performance on the USSPT-C. The USSPT-F presented higher reliability values. Both tests presented clinically acceptable measures. Presence of systematic error was found only in the USSPT-C.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LEVEL OF EVIDENCE<\/jats:title>\n 3<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.75227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T10:23:16Z","timestamp":1685614996000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Performance, Test-retest Reliability, and Measurement Error of the Upper Limb Seated Shot Put Test According to Different Positions of Execution"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gustavo O","family":"Tagliarini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universit\u00e1rio Sudoeste Paulista","department":["Department of Physical Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6940-5741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 R. de S","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School","department":["Spaulding National Running Center - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5487-5158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glauber M, P","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of Goi\u00e1s (UFG)","department":["\u2013 Health Sciences Post-graduation Program - Goi\u00e2nia \u2013 Brazil."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0985-7751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo L B","family":"Secchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Post-Graduation Program - S\u00e3o Carlos \u2013 Brazil.","department":["Laboratory of Analysis and Intervention of the Shoulder Complex."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.03.003","article-title":"Profile of upper extremity strength and function in division 1 collegiate athletes","volume":"44","author":"Marisa Pontillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1466-853X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1519\/jsc.0b013e3181e7259c","article-title":"Reliability, minimal detectable change, and normative values for tests of upper extremity function and power","volume":"24","author":"Rodney J Negrete","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1064-8011","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2014.5004","article-title":"Normalization considerations for using the unilateral seated shot put test in rehabilitation","volume":"44","author":"Terese L. Chmielewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0190-6011","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2020.01.001","article-title":"Seated single-arm shot-put test to measure the functional performance of the upper limbs in exercise practitioners with chronic shoulder pain: A reliability study","volume":"19","author":"Jocassia Silva Pinheiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Chiropractic Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1556-3707","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2022.03.007","article-title":"Is the isometric strength of the shoulder associated with functional performance tests in overhead athletes?","volume":"55","author":"Leonardo Luiz Barretti Secchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1466-853X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2019-0140","article-title":"Association between the seated single-arm shot-put test with isokinetic pushing force","volume":"29","author":"Bryan L. Riemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1056-6716","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2020-0069","article-title":"Relationship between seated single-arm shot put and isokinetic shoulder flexion and elbow extension strength","volume":"30","author":"Matthew D. Watson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Sport Rehabilitation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1056-6716","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12632","article-title":"Athlete: A working definition for medical and health sciences research","volume":"26","author":"C. G. S. Ara\u00fajo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0905-7188","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.025270","article-title":"Consensus statement on injury definitions and data collection procedures in studies of football (soccer) injuries","volume":"40","author":"C W Fuller","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0573-1388","article-title":"Upper-extremity functional performance tests: Reference values for overhead athletes","volume":"39","author":"Dorien Borms","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0172-4622","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-098254","article-title":"Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: A systematic review with best-evidence synthesis","volume":"52","author":"Martin Asker","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","first-page":"69","article-title":"Statistics corner: a guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research","volume":"24","author":"M.M. Mukaka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Foundations of clinical research: applications to evidence-based practice","first-page":"428e432","article-title":"Correlation","author":"L.G. Portney","year":"2020","edition":"4"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00301-4","article-title":"Intra- and intersession reliability and agreement of the unilateral seated shot-put test outcome measures in healthy male athletes","volume":"13","author":"Matthieu Degot","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2052-1847","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20406223211026178","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223211026178","article-title":"Are muscle weakness and stiffness risk factors of the development of rotator cuff tendinopathy in overhead athletes: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Cheuk-Kin Kwan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2040-6223","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095198","article-title":"Clinician-friendly physical performance tests in athletes part 3: A systematic review of measurement properties and correlations to injury for tests in the upper extremity","volume":"50","author":"Daniel T Tarara","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200301000-00003","article-title":"Role of body size in the relation between muscle strength and movement performance","volume":"31","author":"Slobodan Jaric","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-6331","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091022","article-title":"Injury risk in Danish youth and senior elite handball using a new SMS text messages approach [published correction appears in Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(10):766]","volume":"46","author":"Merete Moller","year":"2012","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738120931764","article-title":"Risk factors of overuse shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Camille Tooth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1941-7381","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096927","article-title":"Handball load and shoulder injury rate: A 31-week cohort study of 679 elite youth handball players","volume":"51","author":"M M\u00f8ller","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00003677-200301000-00003","article-title":"Role of body size in the relation between muscle strength and movement performance","volume":"31","author":"Slobodan Jaric","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-6331","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/jsm.0b013e3181b7332c","article-title":"The International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on periodic health evaluation of elite athletes, March 2009","volume":"19","author":"Arne Ljungqvist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-642X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1071","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test","volume":"27","author":"Dong-Rour Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Therapy Science","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0915-5287","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.12.003","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a return to sports testing battery for the shoulder","volume":"48","author":"Adam Popchak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1466-853X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-1","article-title":"Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability test (CKCUES test): A reliability study in persons with and without shoulder impingement syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Helga Tatiana Tucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1471-2474","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/75227-performance-test-retest-reliability-and-measurement-error-of-the-upper-limb-seated-shot-put-test-according-to-different-positions-of-execution","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:50:20Z","timestamp":1790175020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/75227-performance-test-retest-reliability-and-measurement-error-of-the-upper-limb-seated-shot-put-test-according-to-different-positions-of-execution"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.75227","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}