{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:31:47Z","timestamp":1791837107063,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Virtual healthcare has forced clinicians to modify or eliminate parts of the musculoskeletal evaluation such as motion assessment. Although acceptable to excellent levels of in-person goniometric reliability is achievable, reliability of virtual assessments is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n To determine if similar upper extremity goniometric measurements could be obtained in-person and virtually.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Reliability study; classroom setting<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Publicly recruited sample over 18 years of age with no upper extremity injuries. Each subject was tested in a standing position with dominant arm facing the clinicians to visualize the landmarks for goniometer placement. Flexion and extension of the shoulder, elbow and wrist were measured. Prior to performing in-person goniometric measurements for each joint, an image was captured of each pre-determined joint position using a mobile device with a camera. This image represented the screenshot on a virtual platform. Four clinicians performed in-person measurements twice during the same session on each subject. The following week clinicians measured virtual images using the same techniques. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were determined via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Inter-rater reliability for five of the six in-person (ICC\u22650.81) and virtual measurements (ICC\u22650.78 ) were classified as excellent. In-person wrist extension (ICC=0.60) and virtual wrist flexion (ICC=0.65) were classified as good. Intra-rater reliability for individual clinicians were between good and excellent for the in-person measurements (ICC:0.61-0.96) and virtual measurements (ICC:0.72-0.97). There were a greater number of excellent ICC values for the virtual measurements (90%) compared to in-person measurements (70%). There were statistically significant differences between in-person and virtual sessions for five of six measurements (p\u22640.006). Only elbow extension did not differ between sessions (p=0.966).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Virtual assessment compared to goniometric measurements showed good to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliabilities (ICC > 0.60), which suggests clinicians can utilize goniometry either in person or on a virtual platform.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n 3b<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.81065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T07:22:54Z","timestamp":1690874574000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reliability Analysis of In-person and Virtual Goniometric Measurements of the Upper Extremity"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tracy","family":"Spigelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012xks909","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Eastern Kentucky University","department":["Parks and Recreation Exercise and Sports Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Simpkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012xks909","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Eastern Kentucky University","department":["Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Humphrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012xks909","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Eastern Kentucky University","department":["Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehor","family":"Vitel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012xks909","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Eastern Kentucky University","department":["Exercise and Sport Science"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Sciascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04pvxsf55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Lexington Clinic","department":["Institute for Clinical Outcomes and Research"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0274(199606)29:6","article-title":"Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand)","volume":"29","author":"Pamela L. 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