{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T15:09:56Z","timestamp":1790176196092,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Research is limited investigating injuries\/illness incidence among National Hockey League (NHL) players. This study sought to establish injury\/illness incidence, initial versus subsequent injury risk among NHL players, and determine temporal trends of injury and illness incidence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n Variations in injury incidence by body region, and initial versus subsequent injury would be observed among positions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Study Design<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective cohort study<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Publicly available data were utilized. NHL players 18 years or older between 2007-2008 to 2018-2019 were included. Injury and illness was stratified by position and body segment. Incidence rate (IR), and initial versus subsequent injury and illness risk ratios were calculated. Temporal trends were reported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nine thousand, seven-hundred and thirty four injuries and illnesses were recorded. Centers had the highest overall IR at 15.14 per 1000 athlete game exposures (AGEs) (95%CI:15.12-15.15) and were 1.4 times more likely to sustain a subsequent injury compared to other positions. The groin\/hip\/thigh was the most commonly injured body region with an IR of 1.14 per 1000 AGEs (95%CI:1.06-1.21), followed by the head\/neck (0.72 per 1000 AGEs, 95%CI:0.66-0.78). Combined injury and illness IR peaked in 2009-2010 season at 12.01 (95%CI: 11.22-12.79). The groin\/hip\/thigh demonstrated peak incidence during the 2007-2008 season (2.53, 95%CI:2.17-2.90); head\/neck demonstrated a peak incidence in 2010-2011 season (Overall: 1.03, 95%CI:0.81-1.26). Injuries reported as \u2018lower body\u2019 increased over time.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Positional differences were observed; centers demonstrated the highest overall IR, and subsequent injury risk. Injury by body region was similar to previous literature. Head\/neck and concussion decreased over time supporting rule changes in body checking and visor wear. Clinicians should be aware that \u2018lower body\u2019 injuries increased over time; therefore, injuries to the groin\/hip\/thigh or knee are likely underreported.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence<\/jats:title>\n Level 3<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.92309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T06:57:38Z","timestamp":1706770658000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Initial versus Subsequent Injury and Illness and Temporal Trends Among Professional Hockey Players"],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0130frc33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","department":["Epidemiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g11cc66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ATI Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tokish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qp3tb03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Mayo Clinic","department":["Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Shanely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g11cc66","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"ATI Physical Therapy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kluzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford","department":["Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford","department":["Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01ee9ar58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Nottingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford","department":["Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03h2bh287","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garrett","family":"Bullock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/052gg0110","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oxford","department":["Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis"]},{"name":"Wake Forest University","department":["School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199214020-00002","article-title":"Incidence, severity, aetiology and prevention of sports injuries. A review of concepts","volume":"14","author":"Willem van Mechelen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0112-1642","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3530","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3530","article-title":"Modifying factors for concussion incidence and severity in the 2013-2017 National Hockey League Seasons","volume":"10","author":"Ryan Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2168-8184","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967120964474","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120964474","article-title":"Acromioclavicular joint injuries in professional ice hockey players: Epidemiologic and MRI findings and association with return to play","volume":"8","author":"Lawrence M. 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Benson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0820-3946","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-199907000-00006","article-title":"Groin and abdominal strain injuries in the National Hockey League","volume":"9","author":"Carolyn A. Emery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1050-642X","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","first-page":"207","article-title":"Issues in estimating risks and rates in sports injury research","volume":"41","author":"S.B. Knowles","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Checking (Ice Hockey)"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Who will be the Craig MacTavish of visors?","author":"F. 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Using publicly available data to understand the foreclosure crisis","volume":"76","author":"Kathe Newman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of the American Planning Association","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0194-4363","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0079-y","article-title":"Accelerating adverse outcome pathway development using publicly available data sources","volume":"3","author":"Noffisat O. 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Orchard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1179-1543","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091729","article-title":"Categorising sports injuries in epidemiological studies: the subsequent injury categorisation (SIC) model to address multiple, recurrent and exacerbation of injuries","volume":"48","author":"Caroline F Finch","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"319","article-title":"A 7-year review of men\u2019s and women\u2019s ice hockey injuries in the NCAA","volume":"53","author":"J. Agel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325967120964720","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120964720","article-title":"Epidemiology of Traumatic and Overuse Injuries in Swiss Professional Male Ice Hockey Players","volume":"8","author":"Romana Brunner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2325-9671","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504267349","article-title":"American collegiate men\u2019s ice hockey: an analysis of injuries","volume":"33","author":"Kyle Flik","year":"2005","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0363-5465","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568220970549","article-title":"Cervical spine injuries in the ice hockey player: Current concepts in epidemiology, management and prevention","volume":"11","author":"Cole Morrissette","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Spine Journal","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/2192-5682","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512467612","article-title":"Intra-articular hip injuries in National Hockey League Players: A descriptive epidemiological study","volume":"41","author":"David M. Epstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0363-5465","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.060152","article-title":"Facial protection and head injuries in ice hockey: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"C Asplund","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0306-3674","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-52.4.03","article-title":"Injury surveillance of head, neck, and facial injuries in collegiate ice hockey players, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014 academic years","volume":"52","author":"Molly MacMhathan Simmons","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1062-6050","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092235","article-title":"A systematic video analysis of National Hockey League (NHL) concussions, part II: How concussions occur in the NHL","volume":"49","author":"M.G. Hutchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","first-page":"346","article-title":"Concussions in the NHL: A narrative review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"J. Izraelski","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Can Chiropr Assoc"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Some NHL teams hide information, but it might be hurting players","author":"C. Rush","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2014.05.2067","article-title":"Sports Reporting: A Comprehensive review of the medical literature regarding North American professional sports","volume":"42","author":"Eric C. Makhni","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Physician and Sportsmedicine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0091-3847","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-611-20","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association men's ice hockey: 2014\u20132015 through 2018\u20132019","volume":"56","author":"Adrian J. Boltz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1062-6050","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1249\/jsr.0000000000000402","article-title":"Common ice hockey injuries and treatment: A current concepts review","volume":"16","author":"William Mosenthal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Current Sports Medicine Reports","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1537-8918","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738119849105","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in ice hockey","volume":"11","author":"Gregory R. Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1941-7381","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.04.029","article-title":"The hip in ice hockey: A current concepts review","volume":"32","author":"Andrew W. 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Micieli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0008-4182","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/92309-initial-versus-subsequent-injury-and-illness-and-temporal-trends-among-professional-hockey-players","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:49:55Z","timestamp":1790174995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijspt.scholasticahq.com\/article\/92309-initial-versus-subsequent-injury-and-illness-and-temporal-trends-among-professional-hockey-players"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26603\/001c.92309","relation":{},"ISSN":["2159-2896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2159-2896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]}}}