{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:19:13Z","timestamp":1791469153680,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) athletes face the challenge of regaining their previous competitive level while avoiding re-injury and early knee joint cartilage degeneration. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength reductions and neuromuscular alterations potentially related to risk of re-injury are present after ACLR and relate to deficits in muscle activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"design\">\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional laboratory study<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"purpose\">\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation during repeated hops in healthy pivoting-sport athletes and those who had undergone ACLR (bone-tendon-bone and semitendinosus graft) who had met functional criteria allowing return to training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from vastus medialis and lateralis and medial and lateral hamstrings bilaterally during 30 seconds\u2019 repeated hopping in male athletes on average eight months after ACLR surgery (5-12 months). All patients underwent hamstring (HS) (n=24) or bone-tendon-bone (BTB) reconstruction (n=20) and were compared to healthy controls (n=31). The SEMG signals were normalized to those obtained during maximal voluntary isometric contraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A significant time shift in peak muscle activation (earlier) was seen for: vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation in the control group, in the BTB group\u2019s healthy (but not injured) leg and both legs of the HS group. A significant time shift in peak muscle activation was seen for lateral hamstrings (earlier) in all but the BTB group\u2019s injured leg and the medial hamstrings in the control group only. Lower peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis (p&lt;0.001) and vastus medialis (p&lt;0.001) were observed in the injured compared to healthy legs and lower peak lateral hamstrings activity (p&lt;0.009) in the injured leg compared to control leg. Decline in medial hamstring peak activation (p&lt;0.022) was observed between 1\n                      <jats:sup>st<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 3\n                      <jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup>\n                      phase of the hop cycle in all groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusion\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Repeated hop testing revealed quadriceps and hamstring activation differences within ACLR athletes, and compared to healthy controls, that would be missed with single hop tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"level-of-evidence\">\n                    <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.94610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T21:44:26Z","timestamp":1711921466000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Quadriceps and Hamstrings Activation Peaks Earlier as Athletes Repeatedly Hop, but There are Differences Depending on ACL Reconstruction Technique."],"prefix":"10.26603","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Einar","family":"Einarsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reykjavik","department":["School of Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x6vsv29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital","department":["Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus Kjartan","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Reykjavik","department":["School of Engineering"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Briem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01db6h964","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Iceland","department":["Department of Physical Therapy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argyro","family":"Kotsifaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x6vsv29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital","department":["Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Whiteley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x6vsv29","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital","department":["Rehabilitation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11140","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-021-00370-5","article-title":"Which assessments are used to analyze neuromuscular control by electromyography after an anterior cruciate ligament injury to determine readiness to return to sports? 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