{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:08:51Z","timestamp":1788754131295,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]]},"abstract":"<p><bold>Objectives.<\/bold><italic>To summarize and critically evaluate the evidence on the impact and effectiveness of meningococcal vaccination programs around the world in order to inform decisionmaking in Latin America and the Caribbean<\/italic>.<\/p><p><bold>Methods.<\/bold><italic>A review of the literature was conducted following several components of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed Central\u00ae was searched for papers published in any language from January 1999 \u2013 March 2017<\/italic>.<\/p><p><bold>Results.<\/bold><italic>In all, 32 studies were included, most of which evaluated the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine. Fourteen studies measured effectiveness and 30 measured impact. The effectiveness of polysaccharide vaccines was 65% \u2013 83.7% (different age groups), while the effectiveness of the conjugate vaccines was 66% \u2013 100%. Incidence decline of laboratory-confirmed meningococcal disease for the conjugate vaccine ranged from 77% \u2013 100% among different ages groups. The only study that evaluated the protein subunit vaccine reported a vaccine effectiveness of 82.9%<\/italic>.<\/p><p><bold>Conclusions.<\/bold><italic>The studies reviewed show impact and effectiveness of both polysaccharide vaccines and conjugate vaccines on vaccine-serogroup meningococcal disease. The conjugate vaccines, however, show higher impact and effectiveness with longer-lasting protection over the polysaccharide vaccines. Given the variance in potential use of a meningococcal vaccine, epidemiological surveillance systems should be strengthened to inform national decisions<\/italic>.<\/p>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2017.158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T17:55:06Z","timestamp":1519667706000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact and effectiveness of meningococcal vaccines: a review"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lucia","family":"Helena De Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America. Send correspondence to Lucia Helena De Oliveira, oliveirl@paho.org"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jauregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Family Immunization Unit, Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office of the World Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Flavia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert B. Sabin Vaccine Institute, Washington, DC, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Gutierrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"1. Plotkin S, Orenstein W, Offit P. Vaccines. 6th ed. 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