{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:18:58Z","timestamp":1770837538944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"abstract":"<sec>\n<title>Objective.<\/title>\n<p>To develop an evidence map on visceral leishmaniasis prevention, control, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Methods.<\/title>\n<p>Systematic reviews on visceral leishmaniasis were searched using MEDLINE\/PubMed and Virtual Health Library. After selection, each included systematic review was assessed, characterized, and categorized by intervention type and by outcomes, according to the methodology offered by the PAHO\/WHO Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME). The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool to determine the confidence level of the evidence obtained.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Results.<\/title>\n<p>Among the prevention and control interventions, insecticide spraying, bednets, dog collars, and dog culling were the most assessed, emphasizing that insecticidal dog collars can reduce visceral leishmaniasis incidence in dogs. Regarding diagnosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rK39 immunochromatographic test (rK39 ICT), and direct agglutination test (DAT) presented high sensitivity and specificity. As for treatment, pentavalent antimonials and amphotericin B were the most analyzed drugs and showed therapeutic success; however, serious adverse events can occur due to their use. The prognostic factors identified were anemia, edema, bleeding, jaundice, age, and HIV coinfection.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Conclusions.<\/title>\n<p>The evidence map developed shows rK39 ICT and DAT as promising diagnostic alternatives and reinforces the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B and pentavalent antimonials. Insecticide-impregnated dog collars appear as a promising measure for the control of visceral leishmaniasis, but there is also a need for future studies and reviews with higher methodological quality, especially on prevention and control interventions.<\/p>\n<\/sec>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2022.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T16:53:12Z","timestamp":1658335992000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evidence map of diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, prevention, and control in visceral leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Andressa Barros","family":"Ibiapina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"},{"name":"andressaibiapina@hotmail.com"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca Miriane de Ara\u00fajo","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Guedes Alcoforado","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vagner Jos\u00e9","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorcas Lamounier","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Nery","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligence Center in Emerging and Neglected Tropical Conditions, Teresina, Piau\u00ed, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen Ver\u00f4nica Mendes","family":"Abdala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PAHO\/WHO Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases. Geneva: WHO; 2010. Technical Report Series; Report No. 949. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/44412\/WHO_TRS_949_eng.pdf [cited 2021 Nov 1]."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearson RD, Sousa ADQ. Clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baneth G, Koutinas AF, Solano-Gallego L, Bourdeau P, Ferrer L. Canine leishmaniosis - new concepts and insights on an expanding zoonosis: part one. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24(7):324\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.04.001"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valero NNH, Uriarte M. Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review. Parasitol Res. 2020;119(2):365\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00436-019-06575-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06575-5"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Katz DL, Williams AL, Girard C, Goodman J, Comerford B, Behrman A, et al. The evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine: Methods of evidence mapping with application to CAM. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003;9(4):22\u201330. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12868249\/"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miake-Lye IM, Hempel S, Shanman R, Shekelle PG. What is an evidence map? A systematic review of published evidence maps and their definitions, methods, and products. Syst Rev. 2016;5:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0204-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0204-x"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schveitzer MC, Abdala CVM, Portella CFS, Ghelman R. Traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine evidence map: A methodology to an overflowing field of data and noise. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021;45:e48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/rpsp.2021.48","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2021.48"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shea BJ, Reeves BC, Wells G, Thuku M, Hamel C, Moran J, et al. AMSTAR 2: A critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews that include randomised or non-randomised studies of healthcare interventions, or both. BMJ. 2017;358:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j4008","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j4008"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deardorff A. Tableau (version. 9.1). J Med Libr Assoc. 2016;104(2):182\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5195\/jmla.2016.75","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.104.2.022"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costa CHN. How effective is dog culling in controlling zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis? A critical evaluation of the science, politics and ethics behind this public health policy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2011;44(2):232\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0037-86822011005000014","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822011005000014"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero GAS, Boelaert M. Control of visceral leishmaniasis in Latin America - A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(1):e584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000584"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez U, Pinart M, Sinclair D, Firooz A, Enk C, V\u00e9lez ID, et al. Vector and reservoir control for preventing leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(8):CD008736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd008736.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008736.pub2"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noli C, Auxilia ST. Treatment of canine Old World visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review. Vet Dermatol. 2005;16(4):213\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00460.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2005.00460.x"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yimam Y, Mohebali M. Effectiveness of insecticide-impregnated dog collars in reducing incidence rate of canine visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2020;15(9):e0238601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238601","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238601"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calderon-Anyosa R, Galvez-Petzoldt C, Garcia PJ, Carcamo CP. Housing Characteristics and Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hygiene. 2018;99(6):1547\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0037","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0037"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson AL, Dhiman RC, Kitron U, Scott TW, van den Berg H, Lindsay SW. Benefit of insecticide-treated nets, curtains, and screening on vector-borne diseases, excluding malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(10):e3228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003228"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bern C, Courtenay O, Alvar J. Of cattle, sand flies and men: a systematic review of risk factor analyses for South Asian visceral leishmaniasis and implications for elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(2):e599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000599"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Sousa CTV de, Andrade CAF de, Hora DL da, Hora EL da, Momesso Neto IA, Matos MC de, et al. Health education in South America regarding leishmaniasis: a systematic review. Rev Patol Trop. 2015;44(2):111\u201323. https:\/\/www.arca.fiocruz.br\/bitstream\/icict\/35058\/2\/ve_Souza_Claudia_etal_INI_2015.pdf"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fchne V, Rezaei Z, Pitzinger P, B\u00fcscher P. Systematic review on antigens for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis, with a focus on East Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(8):e0007658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007658","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007658"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sereno D, Akhoundi M, Sayehmri K, Mirzaei A, Holzmuller P, Lejon V, et al. Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21051684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051684"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asfaram S, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Banimostafavi ES, Soosaraei M. Is urine a reliable clinical sample for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Int. 2018;67(5):575\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2018.05.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2018.05.008"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Ruiter CM, van der Veer C, Leeflang MMG, Deborggraeve S, Lucas C, Adams ER. Molecular tools for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(9):3147\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jcm.00372-14","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00372-14"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Demarqui FN, Rabello A. The diagnostic accuracy of serologic and molecular methods for detecting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients: meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(5):e1665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001665","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001665"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira AVB, Farias PCS, Bezerra GSN, Xavier AT, Lima J\u00fanior MSC, Silva ED da, et al. Evaluation of molecular techniques to visceral leishmaniasis detection in asymptomatic patients: a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2021;21(5):493\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737159.2021.1900736","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2021.1900736"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezerra GSN, Barbosa J\u00fanior WL, Vieira AVB, Xavier AT, Lima J\u00fanior MSDC, Xavier EM, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)\u2013a systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2020;20(5):455\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737159.2020.1736564","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2020.1736564"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maia Z, L\u00edrio M, Mistro S, Mendes CMC, Mehta SR, Badaro R. Comparative study of rK39 Leishmania antigen for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: Systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(1):e1484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001484","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001484"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chappuis F, Rijal S, Soto A, Menten J, Boelaert M. A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis. BMJ. 2006;333(7571):723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38917.503056.7c","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38917.503056.7C"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohebali M, Keshavarz H, Shirmohammad S, Akhoundi B, Borjian A, Hassanpour G, et al. The diagnostic accuracy of direct agglutination test for serodiagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05558-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05558-7"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boelaert M, Verdonck K, Menten J, Sunyoto T, van Griensven J, Chappuis F, et al. Rapid tests for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in patients with suspected disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(6):CD009135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd009135.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009135.pub2"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fararouei M, Sarkari B, Khabisi SA, Rezaei Z. Diagnostic accuracy of urinary latex agglutination test (KAtex) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis: A meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2018;12(12):1045\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.10185","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10185"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peixoto HM, de Oliveira MRF, Romero GAS. Serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;20(3):334\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12429","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12429"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinnell RJ, Carson C, Reithinger R, Garcez LM, Courtenay O. Evaluation of rK39 rapid diagnostic tests for canine visceral leishmaniasis: longitudinal study and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(1):e1992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001992"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigo C, Weeratunga P, Fernando SD, Rajapakse S. Amphotericin B for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective comparative clinical studies including dose-ranging studies. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(6):591\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.11.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.11.008"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Fereguetti TO, Rabello A. Efficacy of anti-leishmania therapy in visceral leishmaniasis among HIV infected patients: a systematic review with indirect comparison. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(5):e2195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002195"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olliaro PL, Guerin PJ, Gerstl S, Haaskjold AA, Rottingen J-A, Sundar S. Treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review of clinical studies done in India, 1980-2004. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(12):763\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(05)70296-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70296-6"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebreyohannes EA, Bhagvathula AS, Abegaz TM, Seid MA. Treatment outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis in Ethiopia from 2001 to 2017: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Dis Poverty. 2018;7(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40249-018-0491-7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-018-0491-7"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodiamont CJ, Kager PA, Bart A, de Vries HJC, van Thiel PPAM, Leenstra T, et al. Species-directed therapy for leishmaniasis in returning travellers: a comprehensive guide. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(5):e2832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002832","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002832"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mota CA, Oyama J, Souza Terron Monich M de, Brustolin A\u00c1, Perez de Souza JV, Murase LS, et al. Three decades of clinical trials on immunotherapy for human leishmaniases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 2021;13(8):693\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2020-0184","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2020-0184"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Custodio E, L\u00f3pez-Alcade J, Herrero M, Bouza C, Jimenez C, Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann S, et al. Nutritional supplements for patients being treated for active visceral leishmaniasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;2018(3):CD012261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd012261.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012261.pub2"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh-Phulgenda S, Dahal P, Ngu R, Maguire BJ, Hawryszkiewycz A, Rashan S, et al. Serious adverse events following treatment of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(3):e0009302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009302","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009302"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abongomera C, van Henten S, Vogt F, Buyze J, Verdonck K, van Griensven J. Prognostic factors for mortality among patients with visceral leishmaniasis in East Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(5):e0008319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008319","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008319"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belo VS, Struchiner CJ, Barbosa DS, Nascimento BWL, Horta MAP, da Silva ES, et al. Risk Factors for Adverse Prognosis and Death in American Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014;8(7):e2982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002982","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002982"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar V, Mandal R, Das S, Kesari S, Dinesh DS, Pandey K., et al. Kala-azar elimination in a highly-endemic district of Bihar, India: A success story. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020:14(5):e0008254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008254","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008254"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Kala-azar in India\u2013progress and challenges towards its elimination as a public health problem. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2021;96(26):267\u201379. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/342263\/WER9626-267-279-eng-fre.pdf"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunes, CM, de Lima VMF, de Paula HB, Perri SHV, de Andrade AM, Dias FEF, et al. Dog culling and replacement in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2008;153(1\u20132):19\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.005"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Travi BL, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Dantas-Torres F, Mir\u00f3 G. Canine visceral leishmaniasis: Diagnosis and management of the reservoir living among us. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(1):e0006082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006082","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006082"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves EB, Figueiredo FB, Rocha MF, Werneck GL. Dificuldades operacionais no uso de coleiras caninas impregnadas com inseticida para o controle da leishmaniose visceral, Montes Claros, MG, 2012. Epidemiol Serv Sa\u00fade. 2018;27:e2017469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5123\/s1679-49742018000400001","DOI":"10.5123\/S1679-49742018000400001"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cota G, Erber AC, Schernhammer E, Sim\u00f5es TC. Inequalities of visceral leishmaniasis case-fatality in Brazil: A multilevel modeling considering space, time, individual and contextual factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(7):e0009567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009567"}],"container-title":["Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/bitstream\/item\/b553e0e1-4b0c-437b-8f18-df3024a56da8\/v46e892022.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T16:53:28Z","timestamp":1658336008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/56155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["RPSP.2022.89"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/rpsp.2022.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["1020-4989","1680-5348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1020-4989","type":"print"},{"value":"1680-5348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]}}}