{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T10:49:17Z","timestamp":1780656557291,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<sec>\n<title>Objective.<\/title>\n<p>To assess changes in antibiotic resistance of eight of the World Health Organization priority bug-drug combinations and consumption of six antibiotics (ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin\/tazobactam, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin) before (March 2018 to July 2019) and during (March 2020 to July 2021) the COVID-19 pandemic in 31 hospitals in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Methods.<\/title>\n<p>This was a before\/after study using routinely collected data. For antibiotic consumption, daily defined doses (DDD) per 100 bed-days were compared.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Results.<\/title>\n<p>There were 23 405 priority bacterial isolates with data on antibiotic resistance. The total number of isolates increased from 9 774 to 13 631 in the periods before and during the pandemic, respectively. While resistance significantly decreased for four selected bug-drug combinations (<italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/italic>, extended spectrum beta lactamase [ESBL]-producing, 32% to 24%; <italic>K. pneumoniae<\/italic>, carbapenem-resistant, 4% to 2%; <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/italic>, carbapenem-resistant, 12% to 8%; <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/italic>, carbapenem-resistant, 23% to 9%), the level of resistance for <italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/italic> to vancomycin significantly increased (42% to 57%). There was no change in resistance for the remaining three combinations (<italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>, methicillin-resistant; <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic>, ESBL-producing; <italic>E. coli<\/italic>, carbapenem-resistant). Consumption of all antibiotics increased. However, meropenem consumption decreased in intensive care unit settings (8.2 to 7.1 DDD per 100 bed-days).<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Conclusions.<\/title>\n<p>While the consumption of antibiotics increased, a decrease in antibiotic resistance of four bug-drug combinations was observed during the pandemic. This was possibly due to an increase in community-acquired infections. Increasing resistance of <italic>E. faecium<\/italic> to vancomycin must be monitored. The findings of this study are essential to inform stewardship programs in hospital settings of Colombia and similar contexts elsewhere.<\/p>\n<\/sec>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2023.10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T16:50:02Z","timestamp":1681577402000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Antibiotic resistance and consumption before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Valle del Cauca, Colombia"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Isabel Cristina","family":"Hurtado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Valle del Cauca Secretariat of Health, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"isahurtado@gmail.com"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valle del Cauca Secretariat of Health, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa Maria","family":"Pinzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valle del Cauca Secretariat of Health, Cali, Colombia"},{"name":"Fundacion Universitaria San Martin, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Lesmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valle del Cauca Secretariat of Health, Cali, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pedag\u00f3gica y Tecnol\u00f3gica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brindis","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemant Deepak","family":"Shewade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2013National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington, Seattle, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Health Systems, Freetown, Sierra Leone"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Khogali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim C, Takahashi E, Hongsuwan M, Wuthiekanun V, Thamlikitkul V, Hinjoy S, et al. 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