{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:50:29Z","timestamp":1789692629977,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]]},"abstract":"<sec>\n<title>Objectives.<\/title>\n<p>To determine the proportion of <italic>Salmonella enterica<\/italic> in fecal samples of live pigs with suspected salmonellosis analyzed at the diagnostic unit of the University of Antioquia, Colombia between 2019 and 2021, and examine the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Methods.<\/title>\n<p>This was a laboratory-based cross-sectional study of routine data on fecal samples received from pig farms in all nine subregions of Antioquia state, Colombia. <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> spp. detection at the university is done using enrichment, selective culture, and polymerase chain reaction. Serotypes were identified using the Kauffmann\u2013White scheme and isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Results.<\/title>\n<p>Of 653 samples tested, 149 (23%) were positive for <italic>S. enterica.<\/italic> Nine serotypes were identified. The most common were <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> Typhimurium (56%) and its monophasic variant (35%). Resistance to ampicillin (70%) was most frequently observed, followed by ciprofloxacin (55%), and sulfamethoxazole\u2013trimethoprim (52%). No isolates were resistant to amikacin and gentamicin. Multidrug resistance (resistance to \u2265 3 classes of antibiotics) was observed in 61 (44%) isolates. Multidrug resistance was highest in <italic>S.<\/italic> Typhimurium (57%) compared with the other serotypes. Serotype was associated with multidrug resistance (<italic>p<\/italic> = 0.01), but age of the pig and sub-region were not.<\/p>\n<\/sec>\n<sec>\n<title>Conclusions.<\/title>\n<p>The proportion of <italic>Salmonella<\/italic> spp. and the associated high levels of multidrug resistance are of concern and may indicate irrational use of antimicrobials and poor management practices in pig production systems in the region. Strengthened surveillance is needed to monitor and improve farm management practices and the use of antimicrobials in farms in Colombia.<\/p>\n<\/sec>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2023.46","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T16:52:04Z","timestamp":1681577524000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in fecal samples of pigs with suspected salmonellosis in Antioquia, Colombia, 2019\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Juana L.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia."},{"name":"juana.vidal@udea.edu.co"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Clavijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ciencia y tecnologia de Fagos \u2013 Sciphage, Bogota, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis R.","family":"Castellanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeyashree","family":"Kathiresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay M.V.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedar","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny J.","family":"Chaparro-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Avil\u00e9s M, Garrido-Estepa M, \u00c1lvarez J, de la Torre A. 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