{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:45:26Z","timestamp":1781793926708,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Pan American Health Organization","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"abstract":"<title>ABSTRACT<\/title>\n                  <sec>\n                    <title>Objective.<\/title>\n                    <p>To assess compliance with smokefree regulations at hospitality venues in two cities 8 months after implementation of national regulations establishing 100% smokefree areas in all indoor workplaces, public places, and public transportation.<\/p>\n                  <\/sec>\n                  <sec>\n                    <title>Methods.<\/title>\n                    <p>A cross-sectional observational field study was conducted in the capital cities of the states of Puebla and Aguascalientes from October 6 to 21, 2023. Data was collected from a convenience sample of hospitality venues across six areas defined by income. A survey was conducted by trained data collectors to document compliance with smokefree indicators in all public areas of each venue 8 months after the national policy went into effect on January 14, 2023.<\/p>\n                  <\/sec>\n                  <sec>\n                    <title>Results.<\/title>\n                    <p>The analysis included 410 venues (199 restaurants, 141 caf\u00e9s, and 70 bars), among which nearly 80% were completely free of smoking and\/or electronic device use; however, bars showed significantly lower levels of compliance. Cigarette butts and\/or ashtrays were observed in fewer than 10% of venues, and \u201cdesignated smoking area\u201d signage was present in only 1.2%. No venues fully complied with the no smoking signage. Restaurants had the highest compliance for no smoking\/e-cigarette use (87.9%), while bars had the lowest (47.1%). Puebla showed a higher level of compliance for all indicators compared with Aguascalientes. Middle-income areas had the highest level of compliance, while high-income areas had the lowest. The proportion of people who were observed smoking or using electronic devices differed significantly by venue area (indoor versus semi-outdoor).<\/p>\n                  <\/sec>\n                  <sec>\n                    <title>Conclusions.<\/title>\n                    <p>The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that hospitality venues, except for bars, are largely in compliance with national smokefree regulations, despite confusion caused by litigation and misinformation from the tobacco companies and their allies. Given this, efforts to assess compliance with the smokefree regulations should be repeated once the litigation is resolved.<\/p>\n                  <\/sec>","DOI":"10.26633\/rpsp.2026.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1770384401000},"page":"1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monitoring compliance with national smokefree regulations eight months after implementation in Puebla and Aguascalientes, Mexico"],"prefix":"10.26633","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Bola\u00f1os Casar\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, D.C., United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"del Castillo Valadez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimena","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez Guadarrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Medina Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brahim","family":"Zamora Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Daniel Amaro Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"del Castillo Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ochoa Vivanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00f3dice S.C., Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"McGoldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, D.C., United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Keng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, D.C., United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesto M.","family":"Sebri\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Washington, D.C., United States."},{"name":"esebrie@tobaccofreekids.org"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"11167","reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control: guidelines for implementation Article 8; 2013 edition. [Accessed on 25 October 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/fctc.who.int\/resources\/publications\/m\/item\/protection-from-exposure-to-tobacco-smoke"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosbie E, Sebri\u00e9 EM, Glantz SA. Strong advocacy led to successful implementation of smokefree Mexico City. Tob Control. 2011;20(1):64-72. doi: 10.1136\/tc.2010.037010","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.037010"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponce-Hernandez DJ, Sordo L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Regidor-Poyatos E, Henares-Montiel J, Calder\u00f3n-Villarreal A. Progress and challenges in tobacco control policies in Mexico, 2003-2017: an approach using the Tobacco Control Scale. J Public Health Policy. 2022;43(3):431-444. doi: 10.1057\/s41271-022-00359-5. PMID: 36038768.","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-022-00359-5"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crosbie E, Perez S, Rocha Camarena A, Ochoa Vivanco V, Severini G, Gutkowski P, et al. The perfect storm: applying the multiple streams framework to understand the adoption of a WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control-Based Policy in Mexico. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(7):917. doi: 10.3390\/ijerph21070917","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21070917"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara de Diputados del Honorable Congreso de la Uni\u00f3n. Ley general para el control de tabaco de M\u00e9xico. Ciudad de Mexico, 17 February 2022. [Accessed 22 April 2025] Available from: https:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/pdf\/LGCT.pdf\""},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara de Diputados del Honorable Congreso de la Uni\u00f3n. Reglamento de la ley general para el control del tabaco. Mexico, December 16, 2022. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.diputados.gob.mx\/LeyesBiblio\/regley\/Reg_LGCT.pdf\""},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Diario Oficial de la Federaci\u00f3n. Decreto por el que se proh\u00edbe la circulaci\u00f3n y comercializaci\u00f3n en el interior de la Rep\u00fablica, cualquiera que sea su procedencia, de los sistemas electr\u00f3nicos de administraci\u00f3n de nicotina, sistemas similares sin nicotina, sistemas alternativos de consumo de nicotina, cigarrillos electr\u00f3nicos y dispositivos vaporizadores con usos similares, as\u00ed como las soluciones y mezclas utilizadas en dichos sistemas. Diario Oficial de la Federaci\u00f3n. Mexico, 31 May 31 2022. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.dof.gob.mx\/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5653845&fecha=31\/05\/2022#gsc.tab=0\""},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severini G, Sandoval RC, S\u00f3\u00f1ora G, Sosa P, Gutkowski P, Severini L, et al. Towards a smoke-free world? South America became the first 100% smoke-free subregion in the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2022;46:e103. doi: 10.26633\/RPSP.2022.103","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2022.103"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. Report on Tobacco Control for the Region of the Americas 2022. Revised edition. Washington, DC: PAHO; 2023. doi: 10.37774\/9789275127032","DOI":"10.37774\/9789275127032"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica. Encuesta Global de Tabaquismo en Adultos. Cuernavaca, M\u00e9xico 2023. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/895921\/REPORTE_COMPLETO_GATS_2023.pdf\""},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, Geograf\u00eda e Inform\u00e1tica. Servicios de alojamiento temporal y de preparaci\u00f3n de alimentos y bebidas parte 1 y 2, November, 2022. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/app\/descarga\/?ti=6\""},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica, Geograf\u00eda e Inform\u00e1tica. Encuesta Agropecuaria 2019 Manual de Cartograf\u00eda. 2020, Aguascalientes. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.inegi.org.mx\/contenidos\/productos\/prod_serv\/contenidos\/espanol\/bvinegi\/productos\/nueva_estruc\/702825197315.pdf\""},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Comisi\u00f3n Federal para la Protecci\u00f3n contra Riesgos Sanitarios. Manual de identidad gr\u00e1fica y se\u00f1alizaci\u00f3n para los espacios 100% libres de humo de tabaco y emisiones. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, 2023. [Accessed 22 April 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gob.mx\/cms\/uploads\/attachment\/file\/829988\/MANUAL_TABACO_2023_02062023_compressed.pdf\""},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Kobo Inc. KoboToolbox. Accessed 25 October 2025. Available from: https:\/\/kf.kobotoolbox.org\/#\/projects\/home\""},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ay P, Evrengil E, Guner M, Dagli E. Noncompliance to smoke-free law: which hospitality premises are more prone? Public Health. 2016;141:1-6. doi: 10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.08.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.08.008"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnoya J, Monzon JC, Briz P, Navas-Acien A. Compliance to the smoke-free law in Guatemala 5-years after implementation. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:318. doi: 10.1186\/s12889-016-2960-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2960-x"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Navas-Acien A, \u00c7arko\u011flu A, Erg\u00f6r G, Hayran M, Erg\u00fcder T, Kaplan B, et al. Compliance with smoke-free legislation within public buildings: a cross-sectional study in Turkey. Bull World Health Organ. 2016;94(2):92-102. doi: 10.2471\/BLT.15.158238","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.15.158238"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suarjana K, Astuti PAS, Artawan Eka Putra IWG, Duana MK, Mulyawan KH, Chalidyanto D, et al. Implementation of smoke-free law in Denpasar Bali: Between compliance and social norms of smoking. J Public Health Res. 2020;9(3):1747. doi: 10.4081\/jphr.2020.1747","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2020.1747"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kataoka A, Muraki I, Nakamura M, Ito Y. How much progress has been made toward a smoke-free environment in the restaurants and bars of Japan? Lim itations of partial bans and their enforcement. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3327. doi: 10.1186\/s12889-024-20765-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20765-6"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montini T, Bero LA. Implementation of a workplace smoking ban in bars: the limits of local discretion. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:402. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2458-8-402.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-402"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thrasher JF, P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez R, Swayampakala K, Arillo-Santill\u00e1n E, Bottai M. Policy support, norms, and secondhand smoke exposure before and after implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law in Mexico City. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(9):1789-98. doi: 10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180950","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.180950"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gravely S, Nyamurungi KN, Kabwama SN, Okello G, Robertson L, et al. Knowledge, opinions and compliance related to the 100% smoke-free law in hospitality venues in Kampala, Uganda: cross-sectional results from the KOMPLY Project. BMJ Open. 2018;8(1):e017601. doi: 10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017601","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017601"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peruga A, Molina X, Delgado I, Matute I, Olea A, Hirmas M, et al. Compliance with the smoking ban in enclosed, semiopen and open areas of workplaces and public places in Chile. Tob Control. 2021;30(5):570-573. doi: 10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055632","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055632"}],"container-title":["Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/bitstreams\/7c249e5e-a65e-47a7-a0d4-220cf88d140a\/download","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T13:26:47Z","timestamp":1770384407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/iris.paho.org\/handle\/10665.2\/70456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["RPSP.2026.1"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26633\/rpsp.2026.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1020-4989","1680-5348"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1020-4989","type":"print"},{"value":"1680-5348","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]]}}}